SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusions in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical effectiveness of 0.018-inch vs. 0.022-inch bracket slot size in fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and critical appraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and accuracy of clear aligners in non-extraction Class II correction: a systematic review of maxillary molar distalization and rotation in the permanent dentition.The Angle orthodontist · 2025Pooled it
- Association between overjet reduction and wear time of a New-T-activator: a retrospective cohort study.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Orthodontic treatment need assessment and treatment timing - a questionnaire survey among specialists in Denmark and Sweden.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Effects of lower central incisors's biomechanics at different mixed dentition stages using clear aligners for deep overbite treatment: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Barriers to orthodontic treatment among rural children in Guangxi, China: a mixed-methods study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Cephalometric factors associated with orthodontic treatment initiation: a retrospective analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- Cone-beam CT-guided root uprighting of a severely angulated impacted maxillary canine using a boot loop and micro-screw: A case report.Journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Prevalence of Sagittal Skeletal, Dental Malocclusions in Romanian Orthodontic Patients: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of bite planes on deepbite correction with clear aligners.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Retrospective Descriptive Case Series on the Use of AMCOPBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Publication Bias in Epidemiological Studies of Malocclusions in Mexican Children and Teenagers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Dentoskeletal Effects of Two Fixed Systems in Treating Class II Malocclusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the association between skeletal malocclusions and dental maturity in German children and adolescents : A retrospective cross-sectional study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- Transverse Maxillary Correction: Leaf Expander vs. Rapid Maxillary Expansion Appliances-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- JAK-STAT signaling: molecular mechanism and targeted treatment in dento-maxillofacial abnormalities.International journal of oral science · 2026Review
- Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Need among School-Aged Children Using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- Understanding the Role of MicroRNAs in Congenital Tooth Agenesis: A Multi-omics Integration.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Impact of orthodontic treatment on masticatory muscle electromyographic patterns in patients with anterior crossbite.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Hard- and soft-tissue changes after adult Class II Division 1 orthodontic treatment: a retrospective CBCT-based observational study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features in children and adolescents.
methodsThe digital databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Open Grey, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2021. Epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and comparative studies involving subjects ≤ 18 years old and focusing on the prevalence of malocclusion and different orthodontic features were selected. Articles written in English, Dutch, French, German, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Three authors independently assessed the eligibility, extracted the data from, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Since all of the included articles were non-randomized, the MINORS tool was used to score the risk of bias.
resultsThe initial electronic database search identified a total of 6775 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 4646 articles were screened using the title and abstract. A total of 415 full-text articles were assessed, and 123 articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. The range of prevalence of Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion was very large, with a mean prevalence of 51.9% (SD 20.7), 23.8% (SD 14.6), and 6.5% (SD 6.5), respectively. As for the prevalence of overjet, reversed overjet, overbite, and open bite, no means were calculated due to the large variation in the definitions, measurements, methodologies, and cut-off points among the studies. The prevalence of anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite, and crossbite with functional shift were 7.8% (SD 6.5), 9.0% (SD 7.34), and 12.2% (SD 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were reported to be 6.8% (SD 4.2) and 1.8% (SD 1.3), respectively. For impacted teeth, ectopic eruption, and transposition, means of 4.9% (SD 3.7), 5.4% (SD 3.8), and 0.5% (SD 0.5) were found, respectively.
conclusionsThere is an urgent need to clearly define orthodontic features and malocclusion traits as well as to reach consensus on the protocols used to quantify them. The large variety in methodological approaches found in the literature makes the data regarding prevalence of malocclusion unreliable.
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