ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Hospital Length of Stay in Patients with and without Serious and Persistent Mental Illness: Evidence of Racial and Ethnic Differences.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychiatric Hospitalization After Enrollment in Coordinated Specialty Care: Unexpected Gender- and Age-Related Disparities.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Hospitalization After Enrollment in Coordinated Specialty Care: Unexpected Gender and Age Related Disparities.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of mood disorders on outcomes of polycystic ovarian syndrome - A national inpatient sample study - 2016-2020.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- We need more research on inpatient group therapy: A call to action.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- The profile of long-stay patients in a psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Examining the effects of race/ethnicity and other factors on outcomes of care for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in the United States.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the Drivers of Cost and Length of Stay in a Cohort of 21,875 Patients with Severe Burn.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2024Article
- Adult psychiatric inpatient admissions and length of stay before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large urban hospital setting in Vancouver, British Columbia.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have documented racial and ethnic differences in mental healthcare utilization, and extensively in outpatient treatment and prescription medication usage for mental health disorders. However, limited studies have investigated racial and ethnic differences in length of inpatient stay (LOS) in patients with and without Serious and Persistent Mental Illness. Understanding racial and ethnic differences in LOS is necessary given that longer stays in hospital are associated with adverse health outcomes, which in turn contribute to health inequities.
objectiveTo examine racial and ethnic differences in length of stay among patients with and without serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and how these differences vary in two age cohorts: patients aged 18 to 64 and patients aged 65+.
methodsThis study employed a retrospective cohort design to address the research objective, using the 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample. After merging the 2018 National Inpatient Sample's Core and Hospital files, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), adjusting for covariates, was applied to examine associations between race and ethnicity, and length of stay for patients with and without SPMI.
resultsOverall, patients from racialized groups were likely to stay longer than White patients regardless of severe mental health status. Of all races and ethnicities examined, Asian patients had the most extended stays in both age cohorts: 8.69 days for patients with SPMI and 5.73 days for patients without SPMI in patients aged 18 to 64 years and 8.89 days for patients with SPMI and 6.05 days for patients without SPMI in the 65+ cohort. For individuals aged 18 to 64, differences in length of stay were significantly pronounced in Asian patients (1.6 days), Black patients (0.27 days), and Native American patients/patients from other races (0.76 days) if they had SPMI. For individuals aged 65 and older, Asian patients (1.09 days) and Native American patients/patients from other races (0.45 days) had longer inpatient stays if they had SPMI.
conclusionRacial and ethnic differences in inpatient length of stay were most pronounced in Asian patients with and without SPMI. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism(s) for these differences.
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