SynthesisGenes2022
Associations of Sex Steroids and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Genes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in liver-related care among transgender adults with steatotic liver disease: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Chlorella vulgaris and Lactobacillus casei Combination Therapy Attenuates Testicular Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysfunction in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of NAFLD.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- From Childhood to Old Age: Current Knowledge and Practical Approaches to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- High estradiol/testosterone ratio increased the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Observational
- Proteomics Used in Identifying Novel Correlates of Disease in Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Associations between measures of oestrogen exposure and severity of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Ketosis suppression and ageing (KetoSAge): the effect of suppressing ketosis on SHBG and sex hormone profiles in healthy premenopausal women, and its implications for cancer risk and therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Role of glycoproteins in hepatic lipid metabolism: emerging diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.PeerJ · 2025Review
- The relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in men.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Article
- Associations of sex-related and thyroid-related hormones with risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in T2DM patients.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Clinically relevant plasma proteome for adiposity depots: evidence from systematic mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Sex-specific differences in ectopic fat and metabolic characteristics of paediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Hepatokine Profile in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Association of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin with liver fat in men and women: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Relationship between MASLD and women's health: A review.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have reported inconsistent results or less well-explored associations between sex hormones and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we aimed to investigate the associations of NAFLD with sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the population-based study and conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of all published observational studies.
methodsAnalyses included 755 men and 1109 women with available data on sex steroids, SHBG, and ultrasound-based NAFLD from the Rotterdam Study. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the associations. Additionally, we searched five databases from inception to 1 April 2022 and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) method was used for meta-analysis, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the effect estimate, subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted, and meta-regression was performed to explore the pooled statistics with high heterogeneity.
resultsIn the Rotterdam Study, lower levels of SHBG were associated with NAFLD in both sexes, while lower testosterone was associated with NAFLD only among women. Similarly, the meta-analysis of 16 studies indicated no sex-specific association between SHBG and NAFLD (men: OR = 0.37, 95%CI 0.21-0.53; women: OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.21-0.60), yet there was a sex-specific association between testosterone and NAFLD (men: OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.42-0.76; women: OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.68-1.44). Moreover, men with NAFLD had lower estradiol levels than those without NAFLD.
conclusionsLower SHBG levels were associated with NAFLD in both sexes, but testosterone levels were associated in a sex-specific manner. In addition, our results showed estradiol with the potential as a protective factor for NAFLD in healthy men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.