ArticleBrain sciences2022
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis, Rare and Novel Topic of Neuroimmunology: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Article in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome precipitating days after treatment for dostarlimab-induced autoimmune encephalitis: a case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy associated with sintilimab immunotherapy in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Allograft Rejection Risk: Emerging Evidence Regarding Their Use in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Fatal Steroid-Refractory Autoimmune Encephalitis Following Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Brain Freeze: Pembrolizumab-Induced Autoimmune Encephalitis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cureus · 2024Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis following treatment with durvalumab for small-cell lung cancer.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Toxicity profiles of immune checkpoint inhibitors in nervous system cancer: a comprehensive disproportionality analysis using FDA adverse event reporting system.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome and Immune Effector Cell-associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome in a Man Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis following Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma in Complete Remission.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- MRI characteristics of chemotherapy-related central neurotoxicity: a pictorial review.Insights into imaging · 2024Review
- Pembrolizumab-induced encephalitis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma post nephrectomy: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being used in patients with various advanced malignancies, and patient outcomes have improved considerably. Although ICIs can effectively treat tumors, 30-60% of patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare irAE that has become a novel topic in neuroimmunology and has received increasing attention in recent years. Herein, we report a rare case of GAD65-antibody-associated AE after metastatic small cell lung cancer treatment with pembrolizumab. The patient received IVIg therapy for AE and continuous pembrolizumab therapy without suspension of tumor treatment. At 1 year follow-up, both the patient's AE symptoms and tumors were stable. We consider that the treatment of ICI-associated AE should be more individualized with prudent decision-making and should balance the tumor progression and AE treatment. In addition, we have also comprehensively reviewed the literature of ICI-associated AE, and summarized the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of AE caused by ICI, thus broadening our understanding of the neurological complications caused by ICI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.