ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Optics and Utility of Low-Cost Smartphone-Based Portable Digital Fundus Camera System for Screening of Retinal Diseases.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Role of Portable Ophthalmic Devices in Clinical and Nonclinical Settings: Qualitative Study of Ophthalmologists and Optometrists.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Enhancing AI-based diabetic retinopathy diagnosis through universal cross-camera image adaptation.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Novel Foundation Model-Based Framework for Multimodal Retinal Age Prediction.IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Applications and Future Directions of Smartphone Fundus Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical utility of handheld fundus and smartphone-based camera for monitoring diabetic retinal diseases: a review study.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Performance of a 3D-Printed Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool for Retinal Pathology in Mozambique.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Clinical and Translational Imaging and Sensing of Diabetic Microangiopathy: A Narrative Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Fluorescence-Based Portable Assays for Detection of Biological and Chemical Analytes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Numerical Method of Aligning the Optical Stacks for All Pixels.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe optical principles and utility of inexpensive, portable, non-contact digital smartphone-based camera for the acquisition of fundus photographs for the evaluation of retinal disorders.
methodsThe digital camera has a high-quality glass 25 D condensing lens attached to a 21.4-megapixel smartphone camera. The white-emitting LED light of the smartphone at low illumination levels is used to visualize the fundus and limit source reflection. The camera captures a high-definition fundus (5344 × 4016) image on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMO) with an area of 6.3 mm × 4.5 mm. The auto-acquisition mode of the device facilitates the quick capture of the image from continuous video streaming in a fraction of a second.
resultsThis new smartphone-based camera provides high-resolution digital images of the retina (50° telescopic view) in patients at a fraction of the cost (USD 1000) of established, non-transportable, office-based fundus photography systems.
conclusionsThe portable user-friendly smartphone-based digital camera is a useful alternative for the acquisition of fundus photographs and provides a tool for screening retinal diseases in various clinical settings such as primary care clinics or emergency rooms. The ease of acquisition of photographs from a continuously streaming video of fundus obviates the need for a skilled photographer.
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