ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Effect of Face Masks during COVID-19 Pandemic on Ocular Surface Temperature-A Clinical Thermographic Analysis.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal trends and shifting mycological spectrum of infectious keratitis in Egypt before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-year laboratory-based surveillance study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Conjunctival microbiota variations in a subset of middle-aged and elderly individuals from Beijing, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Real or MADE-up: Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) as an emerging syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Ocular Surface Temperature Profile of Eyes with Retinal Vein Occlusion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Dry Eye Parameters.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microbiological Profile of Infectious Keratitis During Covid-19 Pandemic.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommends face-mask wearing for all people above the age of two years. The wearing of face masks creates a unique airflow towards the ocular surface which may influence the normal physiological conditions of the ocular and periocular surface. Healthy subjects with no ocular history were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for ocular surface temperature (OST) measurements during inspirium and expirium. Five regions of interest (ROIs) were used to measure OST: medial conjunctive, cornea, lateral conjunctive, upper eyelid and entire orbital area. Additional measurements in the same locations were made with the upper margin of the mask taped with micropore surgical tape. Thirty-one patients were included in this study. OST during expirium was significantly higher compared to the temperature during inspirium in all locations measured (p < 0.001, paired samples t-test). The temperature of the upper eyelid was higher by more than 0.5 °C during expirium. Taping the mask’s upper edges to the skin resulted in non-significant temperature changes in inspirium vs. expirium. In conclusion, wearing a face mask creates air flow towards the periocular and ocular surface, which changes the OST mostly on the eyelids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.