ArticleCells2022
Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-1 Ligand as Prognostic Markers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patient-Level Discordance Between SCORE2 Cardiovascular Risk and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint-Expression Profiles in People Living with HIV: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Involvement of the PD-1 pathway in the modulation of immune responses during allergic diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Combining Activation-Induced Markers With PD-L1 Selectively Enhances Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells in Virus-Infected Individuals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Observational
- Influence of PD-1 and PD-1L Immune Exhaustion Receptors on Immune Reconstruction in People Living With HIV.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Phenotypic Timeline Kinetics, Integrative Networks, and Performance of T- and B-Cell Subsets Associated with Distinct Clinical Outcome of Severe COVID-19 Patients.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy Based on Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer-Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Regulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Analyzing the role of ACE2, AR, MX1 and TMPRSS2 genetic markers for COVID-19 severity.Human genomics · 2023Article
- Peripheral Blood Genes Crosstalk between COVID-19 and Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Coordinated Loss and Acquisition of NK Cell Surface Markers Accompanied by Generalized Cytokine Dysregulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Exploring the potential common denominator pathogenesis of system lupus erythematosus with COVID-19 based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The role of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Overview of Antiviral Drug Therapy for COVID-19: Where Do We Stand?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Long-Term Dynamic Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Dynamic Evaluation of Natural Killer Cells Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current research proves that immune dysregulation is a common feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and immune exhaustion is associated with increased disease mortality. Immune checkpoint molecules, including the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) axis, may serve as markers of disease severity. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in patients with COVID-19. Blood immunophenotypes of hospitalized patients with moderate (n = 17, requiring oxygen support) and severe (n = 35, requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care setting) COVID-19 were compared and associated with clinical, laboratory, and survival data. The associations between severity and lymphocyte profiles were analysed at baseline and after 7 and 14 days of in-hospital treatment. Forty patients without COVID-19 infection were used as controls. For PD-1-positive T and B lymphocyte subsets, notable increases were observed between controls and patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 for CD4+PD-1+ T cells, CD8+PD-1+ T and CD19+PD-1+ B cells. Similar trends were observed for PD-L1-positive lymphocytes, namely, CD4+PD-L1+ T cells, CD8+PD-L1+ T cells and CD19+PD-L1+ B cells. Importantly, all markers associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 were stable over time for the analysed time points in the moderate and severe COVID-19 groups. Increased abundances of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ lymphocytes were associated with disease severity and mortality and were stable over time in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. These immune exhaustion parameters may be attractive biomarkers of COVID-19 severity.
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