ReviewCells2022
CAR T Cell Locomotion in Solid Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanobiology of CAR-T cell therapy: regulatory mechanisms and strategies for enhanced antitumor immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Organoid Modeling of Glypican-3 CAR-T Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cells · 2026Article
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- The quintessential role for CAR T cell therapy in children, adolescents and young adults with cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- <p>Tumor microenvironment in bone sarcomas: Implications for immunotherapy and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities (Review)</p>.Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-mediated targeted micro/nanobubbles: breaking new boundaries in precision tumor therapy.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-T cells design: leveraging tumor features for enhanced efficacy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Optimization of velocity receptor transduction in CAR T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dual targeting of solid tumors using cytokine-induced killer cells modified with a CAR anti-tenascin C and a secretable EGFRxCD3 bispecific antibody.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Identification of biomarkers for Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through Mendelian randomization and integrated bioinformatics analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix Obstacles for CAR-T Cell Therapy: Approaches to Overcoming.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Expanding the Horizons of CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Review of Therapeutic Targets Across Diverse Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From spheroids to organoids: next-generation models for CAR-T cell therapy research in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy: promise and challenges in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing delta-like ligand 3: bridging biomarker discovery to next-generation immunotherapies in refractory small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Imaging-Based Efficacy Evaluation of Cancer Immunotherapy in Engineered Tumor Platforms and Tumor Organoids.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- CAR T cell infiltration and cytotoxic killing within the core of 3D breast cancer spheroids under the control of antigen sensing in microwell arrays.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Clinical Implications and Limitations.Cancers · 2024Review
- Expanded specific T cells to hypomutated regions of the SARS-CoV-2 using mRNA electroporated antigen-presenting cells.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The promising outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies potentiates its capability in the fight against many cancers. Nevertheless, this immunotherapy modality needs significant improvements for the treatment of solid tumors. Researchers have incrementally identified limitations and constantly pursued better CAR designs. However, even if CAR T cells are armed with optimal killer functions, they must overcome and survive suppressive barriers imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will discuss in detail the important role of TME in CAR T cell trafficking and how the intrinsic barriers contribute to an immunosuppressive phenotype and cancer progression. It is of critical importance that preclinical models can closely recapitulate the in vivo TME to better predict CAR T activity. Animal models have contributed immensely to our understanding of human diseases, but the intensive care for the animals and unreliable representation of human biology suggest in vivo models cannot be the sole approach to CAR T cell therapy. On the other hand, in vitro models for CAR T cytotoxic assessment offer valuable insights to mechanistic studies at the single cell level, but they often lack in vivo complexities, inter-individual heterogeneity, or physiologically relevant spatial dimension. Understanding the advantages and limitations of preclinical models and their applications would enable more reliable prediction of better clinical outcomes.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.