ArticleCells2022
Using Extracellular Vesicles Released by GDNF-Transfected Macrophages for Therapy of Parkinson Disease.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-based immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disease: A promising avenue.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Autonomous intranasal delivery systems for central nervous system therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- MAPK-dependent release of GDNF from Schwann cells mediates tumor-independent pain in neurofibromatosis 1.Science signaling · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic strategies based on macrophages and their derivatives: Targeted drug delivery platforms and disease treatment.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Insights into the Versatile Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Stimuli-Responsive, Cell-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems: Engineering Smart Cellular Vehicles for Precision Therapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury: Ready to Go.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Extracellular particles: emerging insights into central nervous system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Navigating the brain: Harnessing endogenous cellular hitchhiking for targeting neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with ROCK Inhibitor in Parkinson's Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Brain Delivery Strategies for Biomacromolecular Drugs: Intranasal Administration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Cationized extracellular vesicles for gene delivery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Endogenous GDNF Is Unable to Halt Dopaminergic Injury Triggered by Microglial Activation.Cells · 2023Article
- Strategies for Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that facilitate transport of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, playing important roles in intracellular communication. They have remarkable potential as non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanocarriers for drug delivery to unreachable organs and tissues, in particular, the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we developed a novel platform based on macrophage-derived EVs to treat Parkinson disease (PD). Specifically, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of EVs secreted by autologous macrophages that were transfected ex vivo to express glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). EV-GDNF were collected from conditioned media of GDNF-transfected macrophages and characterized for GDNF content, size, charge, and expression of EV-specific proteins. The data revealed that, along with the encoded neurotrophic factor, EVs released by pre-transfected macrophages carry GDNF-encoding DNA. Four-month-old transgenic Parkin Q311(X)A mice were treated with EV-GDNF via intranasal administration, and the effect of this therapeutic intervention on locomotor functions was assessed over a year. Significant improvements in mobility, increases in neuronal survival, and decreases in neuroinflammation were found in PD mice treated with EV-GDNF. No offsite toxicity caused by EV-GDNF administration was detected. Overall, an EV-based approach can provide a versatile and potent therapeutic intervention for PD.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.