ReviewBiomolecules2022
Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neurovascular dysfunction in the development and progression of neuroinflammatory diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Integrative analysis reveals human endogenous retroviruses-linked immune signatures in schizophrenia.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Migratory responses in enucleated cells: The forces driving the locomotion movement of unicellular organisms.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Identifying a potential role of immune cells in gadolinium deposition within the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Novel serum biomarker associations with 7 Tesla MRI-defined cortical lesions, leptomeningeal enhancement, and deep gray matter volume in early multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intracranial AAV administration dose-dependently recruits B cells to inhibit the AAV redosing.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Systemic cellular migration: The forces driving the directed locomotion movement of cells.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- The role of CD56Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Updates of the role of B-cells in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Human regulatory memory B cells defined by expression of TIM-1 and TIGIT are dysfunctional in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Extended interval dosing of ocrelizumab modifies the repopulation of B cells without altering the clinical efficacy in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) known for the manifestation of demyelinated lesions throughout the CNS, leading to neurodegeneration. To date, not all pathological mechanisms that drive disease progression are known, but the clinical benefits of anti-CD20 therapies have put B cells in the spotlight of MS research. Besides their pathological effects in the periphery in MS, B cells gain access to the CNS where they can contribute to disease pathogenesis. Specifically, B cells accumulate in perivascular infiltrates in the brain parenchyma and the subarachnoid spaces of the meninges, but are virtually absent from the choroid plexus. Hence, the possible migration of B cells over the blood-brain-, blood-meningeal-, and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers appears to be a crucial step to understanding B cell-mediated pathology. To gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate B cell trafficking into the brain, we here provide a comprehensive overview of the different CNS barriers in health and in MS and how they translate into different routes for B cell migration. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of diverse therapies that deplete peripheral B cells and/or block B cell migration into the CNS. Importantly, this review shows that studying the different routes of how B cells enter the inflamed CNS should be the next step to understanding this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.