ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Clinical Differentiation between a Normal Anus, Anterior Anus, Congenital Anal Stenosis, and Perineal Fistula: Definitions and Consequences-The ARM-Net Consortium Consensus.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of anterior anus in female infants: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- The role of ultrasonography in detecting and classifying anorectal malformations in neonates: a retrospective study of 30 cases.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- Manometric Evaluation of the Sphincter Complex in Anterior Anus and Mild Anorectal Malformations-An Important Diagnostic Tool.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Abnormal anus and hymen in a toddler: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- A novel SALL1 C757T mutation in a Chinese family causes a rare disease --Townes-Brocks syndrome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- The European Anorectal Malformation Network (ARM-Net) patient registry: 10-year review of clinical and surgical characteristics.The British journal of surgery · 2024Review
- Prevalence and mortality among children with anorectal malformation: A multi-country analysis.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- Selection of operative approach in children with Currarino syndrome.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Patients With Congenital Anal Stenosis, Single Center Study.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2023Article
- A Rare, Unusually Long Vestibular Fistula in a Female: Challenges Faced in Diagnosis and Management.Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric SurgeonsArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past, an anteriorly located anus was often misdiagnosed and treated as an anorectal malformation (ARM) with a perineal fistula (PF). The paper aims to define the criteria for a normal anus, an anterior anus (AA) as an anatomic variant, and milder types of ARM such as congenital anal stenosis (CAS) and PF. An extensive literature search was performed by a working group of the ARM-Net Consortium concerning the subject "Normal Anus, AA, and mild ARM". A consensus on definitions, clinical characteristics, diagnostic management, and treatment modalities was established, and a diagnostic algorithm was proposed. The algorithm enables pediatricians, midwives, gynecologists, and surgeons to make a timely correct diagnosis of any abnormally looking anus and initiate further management if needed. Thus, the routine physical inspection of a newborn should include the inspection of the anus and define its position, relation to the external sphincter, and caliber. A correct diagnosis and use of the presented terminology will avoid misclassifications and allow the initiation of correct management. This will provide a reliable comparison of different therapeutic management and outcomes of these patient cohorts in the future.
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