ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Association between ADHD and Celiac Disease in Children.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Mental Health: Mechanistic Perspectives.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Celiac disease as a model of gut-brain autoimmunity: from gluten exposure to neuropsychiatric manifestations.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- A case of celiac disease carrying the half DQ2 variant with a variety of psychiatric manifestations.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Challenges in the Pediatric Celiac Disease Diagnosis: An Up-to-Date Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Relationship Between Sleep and Immunology in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Assessing the causal association between celiac disease and autism spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Picture of Diamine Oxidase Gene Variants in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The impacts associated with having ADHD: an umbrella review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Is Histamine and Not Acetylcholine the Missing Link between ADHD and Allergies? Speer Allergic Tension Fatigue Syndrome Re-Visited.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Are children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) more likely to develop celiac disease? A prospective study.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2023Article
- Review
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs): Beyond the Clinical Definition and Translational Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders on learning and cognitive development in schoolchildren.Annals of gastroenterologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Controversy around the association between celiac disease (CeD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) was addressed by a systematic review in 2015, ultimately showing no association. Since 2015, there have been several studies showing an association between celiac disease and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. This is an updated systematic review.
backgroundMost experts agree on the recommendation to not screen as part of the standard of care for ADHD in persons with CeD or vice versa. Simultaneously, they propose that untreated patients with CeD and neurological symptoms such as chronic fatigue, inattention, pain, and headache could be predisposed to ADHD-like behavior, namely inattention (which may be alleviated by following a gluten-free diet). The inattentive subtype of ADHD that encompasses the symptoms of inattention is phenotypically heterogeneous, as it includes the clinical construct of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). SCT symptoms overlap with the neurological manifestations of CeD.
methodsA systematic search (PRISMA) of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, Stanford Lane, SCOPUS, and Ovid was conducted for articles up to 21 February 2022. Of these, 23 studies met the criteria.
resultsOut of the 23 studies, 13 showed a positive association between ADHD and CeD. Most studies that showed a positive association had been published in the last five years. Inconsistencies in the results remain due to the heterogeneous methodology used, specifically for ADHD and the outcome questionnaires, as well as a lack of reporting on ADHD subtypes.
conclusionThere is an association between ADHD and celiac disease. The current methodological limitations will be lessened if we examine the subtypes of ADHD.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.