ReviewBiomedicines2022
SARS-CoV-2: A Master of Immune Evasion.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Essential role of hsa-miR-203a-3p in type I interferons immune homeostasis during influenza and NDV infection.RNA biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Regulation of hepatitis B virus cccDNA by metabolic pathways: Editorial on "GDH1-dependent α-ketoglutarate promotes HBV transcription by modulating histone methylations on the cccDNA minichromosome".Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers in a South African Academic Hospital: Burden, Risk Factors, and Protective Trends.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trend of seasonal influenza in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Deep Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Damage by Zika Virus and SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of differential expression between surviving and nonsurviving patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficient discovery of frequently co-occurring mutations in a sequence database with matrix factorization.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Bangkok wastewater treatment plants and estimating infected population after fully opening the country in 2023, Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Long-term Damage of Tissues and Organs, the Underestimated Role of Retrotransposons and Stem Cells, a Working Hypothesis.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Review
- Evaluation of an RBD-nucleocapsid fusion protein as a booster candidate for COVID-19 vaccine.iScience · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Review
- Effect of polyphenols against complications of COVID-19: current evidence and potential efficacy.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Type I interferon pathway genetic variants in severe COVID-19.Virus research · 2024Review
- Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A New-fangled COVID-19 Variant, Eris, Might be the One to Lookout in 2023 or far from Over.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- A role for tunneling nanotubes in virus spread.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Mucosal immunity in COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the immune system has evolved to combat viruses and virally infected cells, while viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to escape recognition and destruction by the immune system. SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen that is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic, has shown a remarkable ability to escape antibody neutralization, putting vaccine efficacy at risk. One of the virus's immune evasion strategies is mitochondrial sabotage: by causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial physiology is impaired, and the interferon antiviral response is suppressed. Seminal studies have identified an intra-cytoplasmatic pathway for viral infection, which occurs through the construction of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), hence enhancing infection and avoiding immune surveillance. Another method of evading immune monitoring is the disruption of the antigen presentation. In this scenario, SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces MHC-I molecule expression: SARS-CoV-2's open reading frames (ORF 6 and ORF 8) produce viral proteins that specifically downregulate MHC-I molecules. All of these strategies are also exploited by other viruses to elude immune detection and should be studied in depth to improve the effectiveness of future antiviral treatments. Compared to the Wuhan strain or the Delta variant, Omicron has developed mutations that have impaired its ability to generate syncytia, thus reducing its pathogenicity. Conversely, other mutations have allowed it to escape antibody neutralization and preventing cellular immune recognition, making it the most contagious and evasive variant to date.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.