ReviewBiomedicines2022
Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotinamide modulates gut microbial metabolic potential and accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Imbalance of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Systems in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neurobiological similarities and clinical differences between Post-COVID and depression; response to Bonnet and Kuhn 2024.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Disruptions in serotonin- and kynurenine pathway metabolism in post-COVID: biomarkers and treatment.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling in COVID-19 pathology and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Impaired tryptophan metabolism by type 2 inflammation in epithelium worsening asthma.iScience · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify potential common pathogenesis for COVID-19 infection and sarcopenia.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Kynurenine Pathway in Respiratory Diseases.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Review
- A ketogenic diet can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic reprogramming and inflammation.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Treatment of 95 post-Covid patients with SSRIs.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19. Biology, pathophysiology, and immunology: a pathologist view.Pathologica · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome's evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.