ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Heparin-Binding Protein (HBP), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B (S100B) Can Confirm Bacterial Meningitis and Inform Adequate Antibiotic Treatment.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The diagnostic utility of heparin-binding protein among patients with bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Heparin-Binding Protein and Transplant-Associated Inflammation: Emerging Roles in Infection, Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, and Allograft Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Clinical Utility of Serum Biomarkers in the Differentiation and Prognostic Assessment of Viral Meningitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heparin-binding Protein as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid heparin-binding protein and CD64 expression for postoperative central nervous system infection following intracerebral hemorrhage surgery.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- The diagnostic and prognostic value of heparin-binding protein in cerebrospinal fluid for patients with intracranial infections.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Clinical value of heparin-binding protein in adult bacterial intracranial infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The empirical administration of antibiotics for suspected bacterial meningitis denotes a poor bacterial stewardship. In this context, the use of biomarkers can distinguish between bacterial and viral infections before deciding treatment. Our study assesses how levels of heparin-binding protein (HBP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in blood can promptly confirm bacterial etiology and the need for antibiotic treatment. The CSF and blood levels of HBP, NGAL, S100B, and NSE of 81 patients with meningitis were measured and analyzed comparatively. Statistical sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. CSF levels of HBP and NGAL and the blood level of S100B in the bacterial meningitis group were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The area under curve (AUC) for predicting bacterial meningitis was excellent for the CSF level of HBP (0.808 with 93.54% sensitivity and 80.64% specificity), good for the CSF level of NGAL (0.685 with 75.00% sensitivity and 65.62% specificity), and good for the blood level of S100B (0.652 with 65.90% sensitivity and 57.14% specificity). CSF levels of HBP and NGAL, as well as the blood level of S100B, could help discriminate between bacterial and viral meningitis before considering antibiotic treatment.
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