ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Effectiveness of Educational Interventions for Health Workers on Antibiotic Prescribing in Outpatient Settings in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in primary care antibiotic prescribing during the implementation of national stewardship policies: Türkiye, 2011-2019.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- An evaluation of pre-post antimicrobial stewardship healthcare educational intervention studies utilizing the Kirkpatrick model: a scoping review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators of the implementation for the antimicrobial Social Norm Feedback (SNF) intervention strategy in primary care institutions: a qualitative study based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Stewardship in Cardiac Device Surgery: Impact of Behavioural Change Interventions on Extended Prophylaxis Practices.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hospital prescribing patterns of antibiotics in Zambia using the WHO prescribing indicators post-COVID-19 pandemic: findings and implications.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- RETRACTED: Empowering Low- and Middle-Income Countries to Combat AMR by Minimal Use of Antibiotics: A Way Forward.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Educational interventions are considered an important component of antibiotic stewardship, but their effect has not been systematically evaluated in outpatient settings in China. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for health workers on antibiotic prescribing rates in Chinese outpatient settings. Eight databases were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials, non-randomized trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time-series studies from January 2001 to July 2021. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review and 12 in the meta-analysis. The results showed that educational interventions overall reduced the antibiotic prescription rate significantly (relative risk, RR 0.72, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.61 to 0.84). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that certain features of education interventions had a significant effect on antibiotic prescription rate reduction: (1) combined with compulsory administrative regulations (RR With: 0.65 vs. Without: 0.78); (2) combined with financial incentives (RR With: 0.51 vs. Without: 0.77). Educational interventions can also significantly reduce antibiotic injection rates (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94) and the inappropriate use of antibiotics (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.73). The limited number of high-quality studies limits the validity and reliability of the results. More high-quality educational interventions targeting the reduction of antibiotic prescribing rates are needed.
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Registered trials
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