ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Evidence on the Use of Mouthwash for the Control of Supragingival Biofilm and Its Potential Adverse Effects.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Development of oral dysbiosis following use of antimicrobial mouthwashes: a systematic review.Odontology · 2026Pooled it
- Oral hygiene practices and dental caries experience in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of scaling and root planning combined with mouthwash during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Antibacterial and clinical effectiveness of a mouthwash with a novel active system of amine + zinc lactate + fluoride: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Trial
- Effect of an Herbal Mouthwash Derived from Pedicough Syrup on Plaque, Gingival and Bleeding Indices in Patients with Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of fluoride-free mouthwashes against Scardovia wiggsiae.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Changes Following Multi-Strain Probiotic Mouthrinse Use in Dental Students with Halitosis: A Prospective Single-Arm Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of promoting preventive oral self-care in China: a population-based modelling study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Intraoral applicability of plasma-activated water: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and effects on tooth structure.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Phytochemical Profiling ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barrier Products for Topical Delivery-Insight into Efficacy Testing and Barrier-Boosting Compounds.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- In vitro effect of fluoride-free mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans biofilm.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Effects of Antiseptic Formulations on Oral Microbiota and Related Systemic Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of an Essential Oil Mouthwash on Halitosis in Obese Patients with Periodontitis: A Short-Term Clinical Evaluation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Mouth Rinsing and Antiseptic Solutions on Periodontitis Bacteria in an In Vitro Oral Human Biofilm Model.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Eucalyptus Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsions for Mouthwashes Application.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Combined with Potassium Iodide against Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation on Human Root Dentin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study to correlate oral hygiene habit among orthodontic patients with their clinical findings and periodontal treatment need.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Anticorrosion and Antimicrobial Tannic Acid-Functionalized Ti-Metallic Glass Ribbons for Dental Abutment.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects of mouthwash on the subgingival biofilm include the inhibition of biofilm accumulation and its anti-gingivitis property, followed by its cariostatic activities. There has been no significant change in the strength of the evidence over the last decade. A strategy for biofilm control that relies on the elimination of bacteria may cause a variety of side effects. The exposure of mature oral biofilms to mouthwash is associated with several possible adverse reactions, such as the emergence of resistant strains, the effects of the residual structure, enhanced pathogenicity following retarded penetration, and ecological changes to the microbiota. These concerns require further elucidation. This review aims to reconfirm the intended effects of mouthwash on oral biofilm control by summarizing systematic reviews from the last decade and to discuss the limitations of mouthwash and potential adverse reactions to its use. In the future, the strategy for oral biofilm control may shift to reducing the biofilm by detaching it or modulating its quality, rather than eliminating it, to preserve the benefits of the normal resident oral microflora.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.