ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles usingBiomedical reports · 2026Article
- Mechanistic evaluation of pachymic acid in breast cancer via network pharmacology and in vitro validation.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Review
- Epigenetic regulation in early embryogenesis: mechanisms, developmental programming, and transgenerational implications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeting inflammation-driven tumor progression with Zafirlukast via modulation of Jagged-1/Notch-1/Hes-1, Wnt-4/β-catenin, and VEGF signaling pathways in mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- [Nitrosative stress promotes the malignant biological behavior of breast cancer through the glycolytic pathway].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Article
- Elevated tumor NOS2/COX2 promotes immunosuppressive phenotypes associated with poor survival in ER- breast cancer.JCI insight · 2025Article
- ImmunoMet Oncogenesis: A New Concept to Understand the Molecular Drivers of Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Dual regulation of gastrointestinal tumor progression by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and prospects for targeted therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Development of a human colorectal carcinoma cell-based platform for studying inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide signaling dynamics.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling the pharmacological potential of plant triterpenoids in breast cancer management: an updated review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Analyzing the mutational landscape of prostate cancer susceptibility genes through next-generation sequencing (NGS).American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Role of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer.Central European journal of urology · 2024Review
- Phytochemical characterization by GC-MS andBiotechnologia · 2024Article
- Spatial analysis of NOS2 and COX2 interaction with T-effector cells reveals immunosuppressive landscapes associated with poor outcome in ER- breast cancer patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Review
- IL-21/IL-21R Promotes the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Macrophages duringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.