ArticleMolecular psychiatry2022
Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and body mass index.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Brain functional connectivity patterns associated with adiposity in schizophrenia.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Central Obesity-related Brain Alterations Predict Cognitive Impairments in First Episode of Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Observational
- Mindfulness-based eating in obesity and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial and feasibility assessment.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Deciphering the causal influence of BMI and related metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular factors on brain structure: a Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Advancing Brain and Body Vascular Imaging in Bipolar Disorder: A Report From the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Vascular Task Force.Bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic Biomarkers at Age 44-45 in the Psychosis Spectrum: The British National Child Development Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Mapping aggressive behaviors and testosterone among schizophrenia patients in acute stage.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Neural and somatic mechanisms driving clinical improvements in post-acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Uncovering the genetic underpinnings for different psychiatric disorder combinations.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship between blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory factors in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Family Support, C-Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of obesity on aging brain and cognitive decline: A cohort study from the UK Biobank.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- White matter microstructure in obesity and bipolar disorders: an ENIGMA bipolar disorder working group study in 2186 individuals.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Thinning of the temporal and insular cortex is associated with negative symptoms and impaired attention in Chinese chronic schizophrenia patients with deficit syndrome.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
43 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.