ArticlePediatric research2023
Effect of age on human ACE2 and ACE2-expressing alveolar type II cells levels.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular Immune Crosstalk in COVID-19: RAAS Biomarker Signature Linking Angiotensin II to Respiratory Compromise and Soluble ACE2 to IL-13 and FGF, Revealing Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heterologous mucosal vaccine boosting enhances mucosal and systemic immunity by distinct mechanisms.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, and sirtuin 1 proteins in lungs of different age groups.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2026Article
- ACE2 Expression and Clinical Biomarkers in COVID-19: Associations With Disease Severity.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Effects and regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 abundance in healthy humans and in patients with SARS-CoV-2.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Article
- Rapid Recovery From SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Immunocompromised Children Despite Limited Neutralizing Antibody Response: A Virologic and Sero-Immunologic Analysis of a Single-Center Cohort.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Aging shapes infection profiles of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 in human precision-cut lung slices.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- Mathematical modelling of the heterogeneity of disease progression and treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Infection to hypertension: a review of post-COVID-19 new-onset hypertension prevalence and potential underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Longitudinal Fecal Microbiota Profiles in A Cohort of Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults with COVID-19: Associations with SARS-CoV-2 Status and Long-Term Fatigue.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in infants born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers: a pilot study.PeerJ · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and severity markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients from western Mexico: a comparative analysis of Delta and Omicron variants.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective Agents with Therapeutic Potential for COVID-19.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Preserved perception-action integration in adolescents after a COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Potency of Xanthone Derivatives fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Analyzing the role of ACE2, AR, MX1 and TMPRSS2 genetic markers for COVID-19 severity.Human genomics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19. Viral entry requires ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Transcriptomic studies showed that children display lower ACE2 than adults, though gene expression levels do not always correlate with protein levels. We investigated the effect of age on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression in alveolar type II (AT2) cells in the lungs of children compared to adults. We also analysed the ratio of Ang-(1-7) to Ang II as a surrogate marker of ACE2 activity in the subjects' lung parenchyma.
methodsAng II and Ang-(1-7) levels and ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression were measured by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
resultsThe amount of ACE2-expressing AT2 cells and ACE2 protein content were lower in children than in adults. Ang II levels were higher in children compared to adults and inversely correlated with the amount of ACE2-expressing AT2 cells. Children presented lower Ang-(1-7)/Ang II ratio than adult suggesting lower ACE2 activity in children. TMPRSS2 protein expression was not influenced by age.
conclusionsThese results expand on previous transcriptomic studies and may partially explain the low susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection. CATEGORY OF STUDY: Clinical original research IMPACT: Children display lower ACE2 protein content and activity compared to adults. Ang II levels were higher in children compared to adults and inversely correlated with the amount of ACE2-expressing AT2 cells TMPRSS2 protein expression was not influenced by age. These results expand on previous transcriptomic studies and may partially explain the low susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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