ArticleMucosal immunology2022
Molecular alterations in human milk in simulated maternal nasal mucosal infection with live attenuated influenza vaccination.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Analysis of Neonatal Influenza in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Transfer of breast milk IgA to infants after oral bivalent norovirus vaccination of post-partum women.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Milk antibody response after 3iScience · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines During Lactation.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Review
- Milk antibody response after 3rd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for infant protection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breastfeeding protects against mucosal infections in infants. The underlying mechanisms through which immunity develops in human milk following maternal infection with mucosal pathogens are not well understood. We simulated nasal mucosal influenza infection through live attenuated influenza vaccination (LAIV) and compared immune responses in milk to inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV). Transcriptomic analysis was performed on RNA extracted from human milk cells to evaluate differentially expressed genes and pathways on days 1 and 7 post-vaccination. Both LAIV and IIV vaccines induced influenza-specific IgA that persisted for at least 6 months. Regulation of type I interferon production, toll-like receptor, and pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways were highly upregulated in milk on day 1 following LAIV but not IIV at any time point. Upregulation of innate immunity in human milk may provide timely protection against mucosal infections until antigen-specific immunity develops in the human milk-fed infant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.