ArticleNature communications2022
The obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi differentiates into a developmentally distinct extracellular state.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- High levels of antisense transcription from numerous genes in the obligate intracellular bacteriumJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
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- Tick cells as a tractable arthropod model for studyingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Transformation and allelic exchange inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Plasma and Intracellular Concentrations of Doxycycline and Azithromycin in Patients with Severe Scrub Typhus.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- A comparison of super-resolution microscopy techniques for imaging tightly packed microcolonies of an obligate intracellular bacterium.Journal of microscopy · 2026Article
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- Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi From Patients and Small Mammals in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province, China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi modulates p53, the cell cycle, and genotoxicity to maintain its intracellular niche.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Advancements in understanding tumor-resident bacteria and their application in cancer therapy.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- The intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi uses the autotransporter ScaC to activate BICD adaptors for dynein-based motility.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Comparative virulence analysis of seven diverse strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi reveals a multifaceted and complex interplay of virulence factors responsible for disease.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Time-resolved tracking of cellulose biosynthesis and assembly during cell wall regeneration in liveScience advances · 2025Article
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- mNGS helped diagnose scrub typhus-associated HLH in children: a report of two cases.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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- Intranasal Immunization With Nanoparticles Containing anImmune network · 2023Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi: A life between escapes.MicrobiologyOpen · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) is an obligate intracellular bacterium in the family Rickettsiaceae that causes scrub typhus, a severe mite-borne human disease. Its mechanism of cell exit is unusual amongst Rickettsiaceae, as Ot buds off the surface of infected cells enveloped in plasma membrane. Here, we show that Ot bacteria that have budded out of host cells are in a distinct developmental stage compared with intracellular bacteria. We refer to these two stages as intracellular and extracellular bacteria (IB and EB, respectively). These two forms differ in physical properties: IB is both round and elongated, and EB is round. Additionally, IB has higher levels of peptidoglycan and is physically robust compared with EB. The two bacterial forms differentially express proteins involved in bacterial physiology and host-pathogen interactions, specifically those involved in bacterial dormancy and stress response, and outer membrane autotransporter proteins ScaA and ScaC. Whilst both populations are infectious, entry of IB Ot is sensitive to inhibitors of both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, whereas entry of EB Ot is only sensitive to a macropinocytosis inhibitor. Our identification and detailed characterization of two developmental forms of Ot significantly advances our understanding of the intracellular lifecycle of an important human pathogen.
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