ArticleCardiovascular and interventional radiology2022
Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval.
Article in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- IVC Filters in Integrated Acute Pulmonary Embolism Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- From congenital variants to critical clues: A radiologic review of inferior vena cava pathologies.Journal of clinical imaging science · 2025Review
- Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval: Simple to Complex.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThere is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval.
methodsA classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation. Luminal narrowing from 0% up to 50% from any cause is grade 1; narrowing between 50 and 99% is grade 2; occlusion is grade 3; and avulsion is grade 4. Absence of extravasation is grade A, contained extravasation is grade B, and free extravasation is grade C. This system was then applied retrospectively to pre- and post-IVC filter retrieval cavograms performed at a single institution from October 2004 through February 2019.
results546 retrieval attempts were identified with 509 (93.2%) filters successfully retrieved. 449 cases (88.2%) had both pre-retrieval and post-retrieval imaging appropriate for application of the proposed classification system. Inter-rater reliability was 0.972 for luminal characteristics, 0.967 for extravasation, and 0.969 overall. Consensus grading demonstrated a distribution of 97.3% grade 1, 1.3% grade 2, 1.3% grade 3, and 0.0% grade 4 for post-retrieval luminal characteristics. For extravasation classification, 96.4% of the cases were classified as grade A, 2.7% grade B, and 0.9% grade C.
conclusionA classification system was developed for describing IVC appearance after IVC filter retrieval, and retrospectively validated using a single center dataset.
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