ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2023
Programmed cell death 1 pathway inhibitors improve the overall survival of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies for lung cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on brain metastasis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- A single-arm, single-center phase II clinical study of concurrent brain radiotherapy combined with tislelizumab and chemotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer and brain metastases.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Nitrobenzoyl-insulicolide A: a novel dinitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid, induces autophagic cell death in small cell lung cancer cells.Marine life science & technology · 2025Article
- Cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Impact of delayed addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy on outcomes in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of first-line chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a real-world propensity score matching study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhancing outcomes in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective study on the synergistic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor, brain radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- PD-1 inhibitor plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Treatment and survival of patients with small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors at our institution from January 2019 to January 2021. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A, patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases. In Group B, patients received chemotherapy, radiotherapy for brain metastases and at least four cycles of immunotherapy. Overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models.
resultsA total of 282 patients were enrolled in our study. At the end of the study (May 12, 2021), the median overall survival was 13.3 months among 218 patients in Group A and 33.4 months among 64 patients in Group B (hazards ratio [HR] 0.320, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.189-0.545, P < 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that two factors were significantly correlated with overall survival: the inclusion of immunotherapy in the regimen and the presence of extracranial metastases. The median intracranial progression-free survival was 6.93 months in Group A and 10.73 months in Group B (HR = 0.540, 95% CI, 0.346-0.841, P = 0.006). The intracranial objective response rate of Group B was greater than that of Group A, but the intracranial disease control rate was similar between the groups.
conclusionImmunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases showed promising efficacy for small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.