Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35736968›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2022

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Patterns of

Said Aboud, Simon N Buhalata, Onduru G Onduru, Mercy G Chiduo, Gideon P Kwesigabo, Stephen E Mshana, Alphaxard M Manjurano, Mansuet M Temu, Coleman Kishamawe, John M Changalucha

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Said AboudDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania.
Simon N BuhalataDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania.
Onduru G OnduruDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre P.O. Box 360, Malawi.ORCID 0000-0001-8954-2794
Mercy G ChiduoNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga P.O. Box 5004, Tanzania.
Gideon P KwesigaboDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania.
Stephen E MshanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences (CUHAS), Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania.
Alphaxard M ManjuranoNational Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania.
Mansuet M TemuNational Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania.
Coleman KishamaweNational Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-0670-9841
John M ChangaluchaNational Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania.
National Institute for Medical Research · TZMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences · TZCatholic University of Health and Allied Sciences · TZKamuzu Central Hospital · MW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is global health threat that is on the increase, and it has been adversely affecting the proper management of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing patterns of N. gonorrhoeae are limited in local settings. We determined in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic profiles of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from STI/Outpatient Department (OPD) clinics. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) (µg/mL) were determined using E-Test and agar dilution methods for previously and currently recommended antimicrobial agents. A total of 164 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from urethral discharge and endocervical swabs were tested. The prevalence of resistant N. gonorrhoeae to tetracycline, norfloxacin, penicillin and ciprofloxacin were 98.6%, 82.2%, 84.3% and 75.6%, respectively. None of the isolates was resistant to kanamycin. Penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was found to be 73.7%, with 56.7% and 43.3% observed among isolates from women and men, respectively. Tetracycline resistant-N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) was found to be 34.0%, and QRNG with HLR to ciprofloxacin was 79.9%. The overall MDR-NG was 79.9%, and XDR-NG was 3.6%. MIC50 and MIC90 were 4.0 and 8.0 and 2.0 and 4.0 µg/mL for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Dendrograms showed that 44 phenotypic groups are associated with a high rate of AMR among high MDR-NG and moderate XDR-NG isolates. The predominant groups of quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG)+PPNG (34.7%) and QRNG+PPNG+TRNG (32.9%) were observed among the isolates having HLR to ciprofloxacin. We reported a high prevalence of AMR (>90%) to previously recommended antimicrobials used for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Multidrug resistant N. gonorrhoeae (MDR-NG) was highly reported, and extensively drug resistant (XDR-NG) has gradually increased to the currently recommended cephalosporins including ceftriaxone and cefixime. Heterogeneous groups of QRNG+PPNG+ and QRNG+PPNG+TRNG were highly resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. A surveillance program is imperative in the country to curb the spread of AMR.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceextensively drug resistant N. gonorrhoeaehigh level resistancemultidrug resistant N. gonorrhoeaepenicillinase producing-neisseria gonorrhoeaequinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae

Identifiers

PMID35736968
PMCPMC9231259
OpenAlexW4281766782

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.