ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
Transcription Start Site Heterogeneity and Preferential Packaging of Specific Full-Length RNA Species Are Conserved Features of Primate Lentiviruses.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incorporation of genome-bound cellular proteins into HIV-1 particles regulates viral infection.Cell reports · 2026Article
- How to recover from a bad start: adaptation of HIV-1 transcription start site mutants during serial passaging in culture.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Structures of complete HIV-1 TAR RNA portray a dynamic platform poised for protein binding and structural remodeling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 single transcription start site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Translation of HIV-1 unspliced RNA is regulated by 5' untranslated region structure.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- HIV-1 RNA genome packaging: it's G-rated.mBio · 2024Review
- HIV-1 RNAs whose transcription initiates from the third deoxyguanosine of GGG tract in the 5' long terminal repeat serve as a dominant genome for efficient provirus DNA formation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Direct translation of incoming retroviral genomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity and its role in RNA fate determination distinguish HIV-1 from other retroviruses and are mediated by core promoter elements.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 usurps transcription start site heterogeneity of host RNA polymerase II to maximize replication fitness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity and its role in RNA fate determination distinguish HIV-1 from other retroviruses and are mediated by core promoter elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Sequestering the 5'-cap for viral RNA packaging.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 must package its RNA genome to generate infectious viruses. Recent studies have revealed that during genome packaging, HIV-1 not only excludes cellular mRNAs, but also distinguishes among full-length viral RNAs. Using NL4-3 and MAL molecular clones, multiple transcription start sites (TSS) were identified, which generate full-length RNAs that differ by only a few nucleotides at the 5' end. However, HIV-1 selectively packages RNAs containing one guanosine (1G RNA) over RNAs with three guanosines (3G RNA) at the 5' end. Thus, the 5' context of HIV-1 full-length RNA can affect its function. To determine whether the regulation of genome packaging by TSS usage is unique to NL4-3 and MAL, we examined 15 primate lentiviruses including transmitted founder viruses of HIV-1, HIV-2, and several simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). We found that all 15 viruses used multiple TSS to some extent. However, the level of TSS heterogeneity in infected cells varied greatly, even among closely related viruses belonging to the same subtype. Most viruses also exhibited selective packaging of specific full-length viral RNA species into particles. These findings demonstrate that TSS heterogeneity and selective packaging of certain full-length viral RNA species are conserved features of primate lentiviruses. In addition, an SIV strain closely related to the progenitor virus that gave rise to HIV-1 group M, the pandemic pathogen, exhibited TSS usage similar to some HIV-1 strains and preferentially packaged 1G RNA. These findings indicate that multiple TSS usage and selective packaging of a particular unspliced RNA species predate the emergence of HIV-1.
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