ArticleJournal of bacteriology2022
Analysis of Effector and Immunity Proteins of the GA2 Type VI Secretion Systems of Gut Bacteroidales.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minor hemolysin-coregulated proteins (Hcp) form heteromeric complexes and mediate effector secretion in Bacteroidales type VI secretion systems.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Effector conformational plasticity enables lineage-specific secretion via Hcp heterohexamers in gut symbionts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An electron transport complex required in the gut sensitizesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The role of mobile genetic elements in adaptation of the microbiota to the dynamic human gut ecosystem.Current opinion in microbiology · 2025Review
- Interbacterial warfare in the human gut: insights from Bacteroidales' perspective.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Rapidly evolving orphan immunity genes protect human gut bacteria from intoxication by the type VI secretion system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A human gut bacterium antagonizes neighboring bacteria by altering their protein-folding ability.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- A ubiquitous mobile genetic element changes the antagonistic weaponry of a human gut symbiont.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Bactericidal effectors of themBio · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Three distinct genetic architectures (GAs) of Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) have been described in gut Bacteroidales species, each with unique genes and characteristics. Unlike the GA3 T6SSs, potent antagonism has not yet been demonstrated for the GA1 or GA2 T6SSs. We previously showed that the GA2 T6SS loci are contained on integrative and conjugative elements and that there are five subtypes. Collectively, GA2 are the most prevalent Bacteroidales T6SSs in the human populations analyzed. In this study, we provide a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the three variable regions of GA2 T6SS loci, which encode toxic effector and immunity proteins. In total, we identified 63 distinct effectors encoded within 31 nonredundant GA2 loci, 18 of which do not have described motifs or predicted functions. We provide experimental evidence for toxin activity for four different GA2 effectors, showing that each functions only when present in the periplasm, and experimentally confirm their cognate immunity proteins. Our data demonstrate that each GA2 locus encodes at least three distinct effectors with targets in both the cytoplasm and the periplasm. The data also suggest that the effectors of a given locus are loaded onto the tube by different mechanisms, which may allow all three effectors encoded within a single GA2 locus with distinct antibacterial activity to be loaded onto a single T6 tube, increasing the antagonistic effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.