Trial reportBMC medical education2022
Effectiveness of a combined problem-based learning and flipped classroom teaching method in ophthalmic clinical skill training.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Flipped Classroom in Medical Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Combining Problem-Based Learning Methods With the WeChat Platform in Teaching Ophthalmology: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR medical education · 2026Trial
- Application of ChatGPT-assisted problem-based learning teaching method in clinical medical education.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- A combined PBL and flipped classroom intervention enhances self-directed learning ability and empathy in ophthalmology undergraduates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The integration of clinical pathway and case-based teaching in standardized residency training in the department of endocrinology.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Integration of BOPPPS and flipped classroom teaching models for enhanced learning outcomes in pediatric dentistry education.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Flipped classroom integrated with team-based learning enhances surgical skills in ophthalmology residency training: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Application of BOPPPS and Flipped Classroom Joint Teaching Model into Clinical Practice Ability of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents in Standardized Training.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of multiple teaching methods in standardized training of internal medicine residents in China: a network meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- PBL-based online-offline hybrid teaching in nursing education: enhancing self-regulated learning and teaching effectiveness in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Application of PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX methods in the standardized training of residents in nephrology department: A prospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring educational transformations through the Innovative Flipped Learning Instruction Project Symposium.Advances in physiology education · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of using flipped classroom in puncture skills teaching.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Review
- Case Report-Driven Medical Education in Rural Family Medicine Education: A Thematic Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of SPARK teaching in acute abdomen radiography teaching for undergraduate medical students.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Comparing the Effect of Jigsaw and Problem-Based Teaching Methods on Learning and Satisfaction of Operating Room Students in the Gynecological Operating Room Technology Course.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have primarily implemented problem-based learning (PBL) or flipped classroom (FC) teaching models in different majors; however, research on the combined PBL-FC teaching method in clinical medicine is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the combined PBL-FC teaching method in teaching ocular trauma on students' competencies.
methodAbout 75 ophthalmology postgraduates were randomly divided into PBL-FC and traditional teaching groups. Students completed pre-and post-class theoretical examinations, skills evaluation, learning ability scales, and feedback questionnaires.
resultsBoth groups showed significantly higher theoretical scores and improved learning ability. Feedback questionnaire scores of the PBL-FC group's postgraduates without clinical experience were significantly higher than the traditional group's for some items; there was no difference between groups in postgraduates with clinical experience. PBL-FC group's pre-class preparation time was significantly longer than the traditional group's, but the post-class review time was significantly shorter. PBL-FC group's post-class theoretical performance was significantly higher than the traditional group's. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding skill operation. Among postgraduates without clinical experience, the PBL-FC group's skill operation performance was significantly higher than the traditional group's; for postgraduates with clinical experience, the traditional group's skill operation performance was significantly higher than the PBL-FC group's.
conclusionsPBL-FC teaching is better for students without clinical experience or knowledge of ophthalmic diseases. Meanwhile, traditional teaching is a good choice for students with clinical experience who need more relevant knowledge.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.