SynthesisBMJ open2022
Association between retinal markers and cognition in older adults: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reexamine the link between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function after correction of axial length: the Beijing Eye Study 2011.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Retinal vessel density and cognitive function in healthy older adults.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Retinal OCT biomarkers and their association with cognitive function-clinical and AI approaches.Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness is associated with attention and predicts risk states of dementia.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Retinal thickness predicts the risk of cognitive decline over five years.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Retinal electrophysiological alterations are associated with cognition in early course psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- [Retinal optical coherence tomography biomarkers and their association with cognitive functions : Clinical and artificial intelligence approaches. German version].Die Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Molecular physiology unlocks the mystery that relates cognitive impairment with the retina in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a perspective review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association of retinal nerve layers thickness and brain imaging in healthy young subjects from the i-Share-Bordeaux study.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Vitamin K and the Visual System-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Eye as a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer's Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Consumption of Coffee and Tea Is Associated with Macular Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: Results from the UK Biobank.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, white matter hyperintensities, and their interaction with cognition in older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Association of retinal thickness and microvasculature with cognitive performance and brain volumes in elderly adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo appraise the existing literature reporting an association between retinal markers and cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years and over and to provide directions for future use of retinal scanning as a potential tool for dementia diagnosis.
designSystematic review of peer-reviewed empirical articles investigating the association of retinal markers in assessing cognitive impairment. DATA SOURCES: Three electronic databases, Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched from inception until March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All empirical articles in English investigating the association between retinal markers and cognition in humans aged ≥65 years using various retinal scanning methodologies were included. Studies with no explicit evaluation of retinal scanning and cognitive outcomes were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction was conducted by two authors (VJ, RS) and reviewed by another author (JS). Results were synthesised and described narratively.
resultsSixty-seven eligible studies examining 6815 older adults were included. Majority of studies were cross-sectional (n=60; 89.6%). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was the most commonly used retinal scanning methodology to measure the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer, the ganglion cell complex, choroid and macula. 51.1% of cross-sectional studies using OCT reported an association between the thinning of at least one retinal parameter and poor cognition. Longitudinal studies (n=6) using OCT also mostly identified significant reductions in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with cognitive decline. Study quality was overall moderate.
conclusionRetinal nerve fibre layer thickness is linked with cognitive performance and therefore may have the potential to detect cognitive impairment in older adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate our synthesis and understand underlying mechanisms before recommending implementation of OCT as a dementia screening tool in clinical practice. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020176757.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.