ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Immune checkpoint inhibitors unleash pathogenic immune responses against the microbiota.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Microbiota and immune-related adverse events in cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- The integrative role of the microbiome in systemic immuno-inflammatory aberrations.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Leveraging gut microbiota for enhanced immune checkpoint blockade in solid tumor therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- The skin microbiota drives cutaneous immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in genetically susceptible mice.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Harnessing the Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Regulation, Prediction, and Therapeutic Targeting.Annual review of immunology · 2026Review
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Successful rechallenge of BRAF/MEK inhibitor with ruxolitinib in BRAF/MEK inhibitor-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis like hyperinflammatory syndrome inFrontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Myokine-mediated mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated colorectal injury and repair in rectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nurse-coordinated biomarker and symptom monitoring for immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Toward nursing-integrated biomarker surveillance for immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiome modulation uncouples efficacy and toxicity induced by immune checkpoint blockade in mouse multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of mucosal immunity across the lifespan.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- Osteoarthritis increases the risk of inflammatory arthritis due to immune checkpoint inhibitors associated with tissue-resident memory T cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Unveiling the interplay between microbiota and PD1/PD-L1 axis in tumor immunity and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting molecular pathways to control immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors of late-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients with bacterial pulmonary infection and its relationship with cellular immune function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cancer Therapy-induced Dermatotoxicity as a Window to Understanding Skin Immunity.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are essential components of the cancer therapeutic armamentarium. While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable clinical responses, they can be accompanied by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These inflammatory side effects are of unclear etiology and impact virtually all organ systems, with the most common being sites colonized by the microbiota such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we establish a mouse model of commensal bacteria-driven skin irAEs and demonstrate that immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes commensal-specific inflammatory T cell responses. These aberrant responses were dependent on production of IL-17 by commensal-specific T cells and induced pathology that recapitulated the cutaneous inflammation seen in patients treated with ICIs. Importantly, aberrant T cell responses unleashed by ICIs were sufficient to perpetuate inflammatory memory responses to the microbiota months following the cessation of treatment. Altogether, we have established a mouse model of skin irAEs and reveal that ICIs unleash aberrant immune responses against skin commensals, with long-lasting inflammatory consequences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.