Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35727061›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2022

Validation of Clinical Risk Models for Clostridioides difficile

Gregory R Madden, William A Petri, Deiziane V S Costa, Cirle A Warren, Jennie Z Ma, Costi D Sifri

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biomarkers for Early Severity Prediction inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Gastro hep advances · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Management of severe and fulminantJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
    Review
  6. Defining FulminantOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
  7. Derivation and internal validation of the multivariate toxigenicAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024
    Article
  8. Novel Biomarkers, IncludingInfection and immunity · 2023
    Article
  9. A Predictive Model to Identify ComplicatedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gregory R MaddenDivision of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5951-3156
William A PetriDivision of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7268-1218
Deiziane V S CostaDivision of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Cirle A WarrenDivision of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Jennie Z MaDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Costi D SifriDivision of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginiagrid.27755.32grid.412587.d School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6033-2515
University of Virginia · US

Funding

The integrated Translational Health Research Institute of Virginia (iTHRIV): Using Data to Improve HealthUL1TR003015 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI BROWN, DONALD E, JOHNSTON, KAREN C. · 2019 to 2023
$20.3M
Role of Th17 in Severe and Recurrent C. difficile InfectionR01AI152477 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI PETRI, WILLIAM A, RAMAKRISHNAN, GIRIJA · 2020 to 2025
$7.1M
Role of Type 2 Immunity in Innate Protection from C. difficileR01AI124214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI William A Petri · 2016 to 2026
$5.4M
Alanyl-glutamine supplementation of standard treatment for C. difficile infectionR01AI145322 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI WARREN, CIRLE ALCANTARA · 2020 to 2024
$4.0M
Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR003016 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI PAPIN, JASON, WORRALL, BRADFORD B · 2019 to 2023
$3.9M
Immune profiling to stratify Clostridioides difficile infection outcomesK23AI163368 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI MADDEN, GREGORY RUSSELL · 2021 to 2025
$961k
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) K23AI163368HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI145322HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI152477HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR003015NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR003016NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003015NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI163368NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI124214NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145322NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile is the leading health care-associated pathogen, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality; however, there is no widely accepted model to predict C. difficile infection severity. Most currently available models perform poorly or were calibrated to predict outcomes that are not clinically relevant. We sought to validate six of the leading risk models (Age Treatment Leukocyte Albumin Serum Creatinine (ATLAS), C. difficile Disease (CDD), Zar, Hensgens, Shivashankar, and C. difficile Severity Score (CDSS)), guideline severity criteria, and PCR cycle threshold for predicting C. difficile-attributable severe outcomes (inpatient mortality, colectomy/ileostomy, or intensive care due to sepsis). Models were calculated using electronic data available within ±48 h of diagnosis (unavailable laboratory measurements assigned zero points), calibrated using a large retrospective cohort of 3,327 inpatient infections spanning 10 years, and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and precision-recall curves. ATLAS achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AuROC) of 0.781, significantly better than the next best performing model (Zar 0.745; 95% confidence interval of AuROC difference 0.0094-0.6222;

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsClostridioidesHumansPredictive Value of TestsRetrospective StudiesROC CurveClostridioides difficiledisease severityoutcomeprediction modelrisk model

Identifiers

PMID35727061
PMCPMC9295569
OpenAlexW4283215887

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.