ArticleCirculation2022
Association of Extreme Heat and Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: A County-Level Longitudinal Analysis From 2008 to 2017.
Article in Circulation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of Climate Change and Related Weather Events on the Health and Wellbeing of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Thermal indices for assessing the impact of outdoor thermal environments on human health: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in the impact of extreme heat on cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Climate Change and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.JAMA cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Seasonality of Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease: Exploring Molecular Parallels with the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon.Biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Extreme Weather Events, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Health: Mechanisms and Challenges.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Projected cardiovascular mortality attributable to extreme temperatures under climate scenarios in Taiyuan, China.iScience · 2026Article
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Short-term associations between ambient temperature and incident myocardial infarction: Insights from Houston Methodist cardiovascular learning health system registry.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Critical Temperature Thresholds for Identifying Vulnerability to Heat-Related Excess Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Temporal trends and disparities in heat-related cardiovascular mortality in the United States (1999-2024): a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Extreme Heat Exposure Enhanced the Associations Between Prepregnancy Weight and the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Endothelial Dysfunction.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- A social determinants-based county-level cardiovascular mortality index to identify high-risk counties in the USA.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Extreme Heat, Social Factors, and Mortality Among California Veterans With Cardiometabolic Disease.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Climate Change and Cardiovascular Health: Environmental Stressors, Mechanistic Insights, and Clinical Perspectives.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- County-level modeled extreme heat risk and premature all-cause mortality related to cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular challenges of aging in a hotter environment: a narrative review.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Review
- Temperature extremes impact mortality and morbidity differently.Science advances · 2025Article
- Heatwaves and Heart Health: A Survey Study and Discussion on the Current Knowledge and Attitudes of Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinicians.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtreme-heat events are increasing as a result of climate change. Prior studies, typically limited to urban settings, suggest an association between extreme heat and cardiovascular mortality. However, the extent of the burden of cardiovascular deaths associated with extreme heat across the United States and in different age, sex, or race and ethnicity subgroups is unclear.
methodsCounty-level daily maximum heat index levels for all counties in the contiguous United States in summer months (May-September) and monthly cardiovascular mortality rates for adults ≥20 years of age were obtained. For each county, an extreme-heat day was identified if the maximum heat index was ≥90 °F (32.2 °C) and in the 99th percentile of the maximum heat index in the baseline period (1979-2007) for that day. Spatial empirical Bayes smoothed monthly cardiovascular mortality rates from 2008 to 2017 were the primary outcome. A Poisson fixed-effects regression model was estimated with the monthly number of extreme-heat days as the independent variable of interest. The model included time-fixed effects and time-varying environmental, economic, demographic, and health care-related variables.
resultsAcross 3108 counties, from 2008 to 2017, each additional extreme-heat day was associated with a 0.12% (95% CI, 0.04%-0.21%;
conclusionsExtreme-heat days were associated with higher adult cardiovascular mortality rates in the contiguous United States between 2008 and 2017. This association was heterogeneous among age, sex, race, and ethnicity subgroups. As extreme-heat events increase, the burden of cardiovascular mortality may continue to increase, and the disparities between demographic subgroups may widen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.