Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35726468›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health dentistry2022

A student-led qualitative study to explore dental undergraduates' understanding, experiences, and responses to racism in a dental school.

Arefeh Ahmadifard, Sara Forouhi, Paula Waterhouse, Vanessa Muirhead

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health dentistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Arefeh AhmadifardInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3600-5463
Sara ForouhiInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9357-7962
Paula WaterhouseNewcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3260-9764
Vanessa MuirheadInstitute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1632-773X
Queen Mary University of London · GBNewcastle University · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis qualitative study explored dental student participants' understanding of racism, their experiences, and responses to racism in dental school, and the impacts of their experiences.

methodsAn interpretative phenomenological analysis design recruited students from the undergraduate dental degree and the BSc in Oral Health Science course at a UK dental school in December 2020. Two students and a qualitative researcher facilitated the online focus groups. A topic guide including scenario questions guided the discussions that lasted an average of 2 h. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

resultsTwenty-five participants took part in five focus groups. Several themes emerged related to participants' experiences and reactions. They described a spectrum of racist encounters ranging from more subtle forms, such as stereotyping and microaggression to racial mocking. They were concerned about professionalism, not knowing how and when to respond to patients' racist behavior. They described gender discrimination and intersectional biases but felt compelled to put patients' interests first. They were unsure about how to respond to stereotyping or racism from staff because of perceived imbalances in the staff-patient-student triad relationship. They expressed fears of gaslighting and despondency. They also felt that the COVID-19 pandemic and anonymity from virtual learning environments enabled racist behavior.

conclusionThis study revealed a complex triad relationship between participants, staff and patients, and experience of intersectionality and three levels of racism: interpersonal, structural, and institutional. It highlighted the need for further research to develop actions including structural policies and equality and diversity training.

Indexed as

COVID-19RacismHumansPandemicsQualitative ResearchSchools, DentalStudentsdentalintersectionalitypowerprofessionalracismschoolssexismstudents

Identifiers

PMID35726468
PMCPMC9328358
OpenAlexW4283218725

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.