Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35726121›Full record

ArticleBasic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology2022

Initiation of antihypertensive drugs to patients with confirmed COVID-19-A population-based cohort study in Sweden.

Salar Issa Mousa, Fredrik Nyberg, Mohammadhossein Hajiebrahimi, Rebecka Bertilsson, Jonatan Nåtman, Ailiana Santosa, Björn Wettermark

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Salar Issa MousaPharmacoepidemiology & Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Fredrik NybergSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5668
Mohammadhossein HajiebrahimiPharmacoepidemiology & Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-4988
Rebecka BertilssonNational Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Jonatan NåtmanNational Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ailiana SantosaSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Björn WettermarkPharmacoepidemiology & Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-2516
Uppsala University · SECentre of Registers Vastra Gotaland · SEUniversity of Gothenburg · SE

Funding

NordForskSwedish government ALF-agreement and FORMASUppsala University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHypertension is an important risk factor for severe outcomes in patients with COVID-19, and antihypertensive drugs may have a protective effect. However, the pandemic may have negatively impacted health care services for chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess initiations of antihypertensive medicines in patients infected by COVID-19.

methodsA cohort study including all Swedish residents 20-80 years old with a COVID-19 positive test compared with an unexposed group without COVID-19 matched for age, sex, and index date (date of confirmed COVID-19). Data were collected within SCIFI-PEARL, a study including linked data on COVID tests, hospital diagnoses, dispensed prescriptions, and socioeconomic data from Swedish national registers. Initiations of different antihypertensive drugs were studied from March 2020 until October 2020. Associations between COVID-19 and initiation of antihypertensives were assessed by a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

resultsA total of 224 582 patients (exposed and unexposed) were included. After adjusting for cardiovascular comorbidities and education level, ACEi was the most commonly initiated antihypertensive agent to patients with COVID-19. Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for initiation of drug therapy was 1.83 [1.53-2.19] for ACEi, followed by beta-blockers 1.74 [1.55-1.95], calcium channel blockers 1.61 [1.41-1.83], angiotensin receptor blockers 1.61 [1.40-1.86], and diuretics 1.53 [1.32-1.77].

conclusionAll antihypertensive medicines were initiated more frequently in COVID-19 patients. This can either be associated with hypertension caused by the COVID-19 infection, more frequent diagnosis of hypertension among people with COVID-19 since they consult health care, or residual confounding factors not adjusted for in the study.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentHypertensionAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsCalcium Channel BlockersCohort StudiesHumansMiddle AgedSwedenYoung AdultAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsCalcium Channel BlockersantihypertensivesCOVID-19drug utilizationpharmacoepidemiologyprescribing pattern

Identifiers

PMID35726121
PMCPMC9349802
OpenAlexW4283213020

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.