ArticleMalaria journal2022
Maintenance of high temporal Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and complexity of infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic infections in Kilifi, Kenya from 2007 to 2018.
Article in Malaria journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic diversity, population structure, and drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenya: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Development of an Oxford nanopore sequencing technology-based whole genome sequencing method for Plasmodium falciparum to support malaria molecular surveillance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genetic metrics decodeFrontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Characterizing Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and complexity of infections in clinical malaria infections in Western and Coastal Kenya using the poly-alpha microsatellite marker.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Detection of low frequency artemisinin resistance mutations, C469Y, P553L and A675V, and fixed antifolate resistance mutations in asymptomatic primary school children in Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Investigating the dynamics ofOpen research Europe · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection across three areas of varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria-infected individuals in Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Article
- Genomics reveals heterogeneous Plasmodium falciparum transmission and selection signals in Zambia.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Strong isolation by distance and evidence of population microstructure reflect ongoingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Genomics reveals heterogeneousmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Distinct transcriptomic signatures define febrile malaria depending on initial infective states, asymptomatic or uninfected.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Development of a Plasmodium vivax biobank for functional ex vivo assays.Malaria journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh levels of genetic diversity are common characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in high malaria transmission regions. There has been a decline in malaria transmission intensity over 12 years of surveillance in the community in Kilifi, Kenya. This study sought to investigate whether there was a corresponding reduction in P. falciparum genetic diversity, using msp2 as a genetic marker.
methodsBlood samples were obtained from children (< 15 years) enrolled into a cohort with active weekly surveillance between 2007 and 2018 in Kilifi, Kenya. Asymptomatic infections were defined during the annual cross-sectional blood survey and the first-febrile malaria episode was detected during the weekly follow-up. Parasite DNA was extracted and successfully genotyped using allele-specific nested polymerase chain reactions for msp2 and capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis.
resultsBased on cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2007-2018, there was a significant reduction in malaria prevalence (16.2-5.5%: P-value < 0.001), however msp2 genetic diversity remained high. A high heterozygosity index (He) (> 0.95) was observed in both asymptomatic infections and febrile malaria over time. About 281 (68.5%) asymptomatic infections were polyclonal (> 2 variants per infection) compared to 46 (56%) polyclonal first-febrile infections. There was significant difference in complexity of infection (COI) between asymptomatic 2.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-2.5] and febrile infections 2.0 (95% CI 1.7-2.3) (P = 0.016). Majority of asymptomatic infections (44.2%) carried mixed alleles (i.e., both FC27 and IC/3D7), while FC27 alleles were more frequent (53.3%) among the first-febrile infections.
conclusionsPlasmodium falciparum infections in Kilifi are still highly diverse and polyclonal, despite the reduction in malaria transmission in the community.
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