ArticleBMC cancer2022
Exploring complement-dependent cytotoxicity by rituximab isotypes in 2D and 3D-cultured B-cell lymphoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The pharmacokinetics and its covariates of rituximab in different clinical populations: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Why antibody isotype matters for immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Therapeutic targeting of cancer stem cell-specific surface glycans and glycoproteins.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Distinct immunologic kinetics and cytomegalovirus reactivation incidence with rituximab- versus obinutuzumab-bendamustine in follicular lymphoma: a single-center case series study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- The Benefits and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Translating B cell immunology to the treatment of antibody-mediated allograft rejection.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Cyclic Fasting-Mimicking Diet Plus Bortezomib and Rituximab Is an Effective Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Article
- Using adjusted local assortativity with Molecular Pixelation unveils colocalization of membrane proteins with immunological significance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of Fc receptors and host characteristics on myeloid phagocytic response to rituximab-treated 3D-cultured B-cell lymphoma.Immunotherapy advances · 2023Article
- In Vitro Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Line Models as Tools to Investigate Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe therapeutic IgG1 anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab (RTX), has greatly improved prognosis of many B-cell malignancies. Despite its success, resistance has been reported and detailed knowledge of RTX mechanisms are lacking. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is one important mode of action of RTX. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate factors influencing complement-mediated tumor cell killing by RTX.
methodsDifferent RTX isotypes, IgG1, IgG3, IgA1 and IgA2 were evaluated and administered on four human CD20
resultsWe found that 3 out of 4 lymphomas were sensitive to RTX-mediated CDC when cultured in 2D, while 2 out of 4 when grown in 3D. RTX-IgG3 had the greatest CDC potential, followed by clinical standard RTX-IgG1 and RTX-IgA2, whereas RTX-IgA1 displayed no complement activation. Although the pattern of different RTX isotypes to induce CDC were similar in the sensitive lymphomas, the degree of cell killing differed. A greater CDC activity was seen in lymphoma cells with a higher CD20/CD59 expression ratio. These lymphomas were also sensitive to RTX when grown in 3D spheroids, although the CDC activity was substantially reduced compared to 2D cultures. Analysis of RTX-treated spheroids demonstrated apoptosis and necrosis essentially in the outer cell-layers. Neutralization of CD59 overcame resistance to RTX-mediated CDC in 2D-cultured lymphoma cells, but not in spheroids.
conclusionsThe results demonstrate that CDC outcome in CD20
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