Trial reportAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2022
Weaning of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis (WIN-Lupus): results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01284725 (Weaning of Immunosuppression in Nephritis of Lupus), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Weaning of Immunosuppression in Nephritis of Lupus
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review informing the 2023 update of the EULAR recommendations.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- II Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Guideline
- Kidney histopathology in predicting flares following drug withdrawal in proliferative lupus nephritis in clinical remission.Rheumatology international · 2024Trial
- Mycophenolate mofetil withdrawal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Trial
- Screening of diagnostic biomarkers for taurine metabolism-related genes in lupus nephritis and analysis of immune infiltration.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Real-world experience with personalised belimumab spacing in sustained SLE remission: a multicentre study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Lupus nephritis and kidney transplantation: A narrative review of patient and graft outcomes.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Expert collaborative evidence-based consensus for childhood lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment: unifying clinical approach in Saudi Arabia.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- Tapering strategies for immunosuppressive, corticosteroid, and biologic therapy in lupus nephritis: a national survey of rheumatology and nephrology practices in Saudi Arabia.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Beyond glomeruli: interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy predict poor renal outcomes in lupus nephritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- New-onset lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric lupus following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report.Clinical nephrology. Case studies · 2026Article
- Management of systemic lupus erythematosus with kidney involvement: systematic literature review to inform the 2025 update of EULAR recommendations.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Review
- Risks and benefits of immunosuppressant withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressives discontinuation after renal response in lupus nephritis: predictors of flares, time to withdrawal and long-term outcomes.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Kidney transplantation in Lupus Nephritis: a comprehensive review of challenges and strategies.BMC surgery · 2025Review
- Predictors of renal flares in systemic lupus erythematosus: a post-hoc analysis of four phase III clinical trials of belimumab.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Outcomes following immunosuppressive therapy withdrawal after complete renal response in proliferative lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Ten tips in lupus nephritis management.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Associations of the Total Cholesterol/high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesLupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Severe (proliferative) forms of LN are treated with induction immunosuppressive therapy (IST), followed by maintenance IST, to target remission and avoid relapses. The optimal duration of maintenance IST is unknown. The WIN-Lupus trial tested whether IST discontinuation after 2‒3 years was non-inferior to IST continuation for two more years in proliferative LN.
methodsWIN-Lupus was an investigator-initiated multicentre randomised controlled trial. Patients receiving maintenance IST with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil for 2-3 years, and hydroxychloroquine, were randomised (1:1) into two groups: (1) IST continuation and (2) IST discontinuation. The primary endpoint was the relapse rate of proliferative LN at 24 months. Main secondary endpoints were the rate of severe SLE flares, survival without renal relapse or severe flare, adverse events.
resultsBetween 2011 and 2016, 96 patients (out of 200 planned) were randomised in WIN-Lupus: IST continuation group (n=48), IST discontinuation group (n=48). Relapse of proliferative LN occurred in 5/40 (12.5%) patients with IST continuation and in 12/44 (27.3%) patients with IST discontinuation (difference 14.8% (95% CI -1.9 to 31.5)). Non-inferiority was not demonstrated for relapse rate; time to relapse did not differ between the groups. Severe SLE flares (renal or extrarenal) were less frequent in patients with IST continuation (5/40 vs 14/44 patients; p=0.035). Adverse events did not differ between the groups.
conclusionsNon-inferiority of maintenance IST discontinuation after 2‒3 years was not demonstrated for renal relapse. IST discontinuation was associated with a higher risk of severe SLE flares. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01284725.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.