miR-140-3p suppresses the proliferation and migration of macrophages.

Macrophages benefit myelin debris removal, blood vessel formation, and Schwann cell activation following peripheral nerve injury. Identifying factors that modulate macrophage phenotype may advantage the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of many physiological and pathological processes, including peripheral nerve regeneration. Herein, we investigated the regulatory roles of miR-140-3p, a miRNA that was differentially expressed in injured rat sciatic nerves, in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Observations from EdU proliferation assay demonstrated that elevated miR-140-3p decreased the proliferation rates of RAW264.7 cells while suppressed miR-140-3p increased the proliferation rates of RAW264.7 cells. Transwell-based migration assay showed that up-regulated and down-regulated miR-140-3p led to elevated and reduced migration abilities, respectively. However, the abundances of numerous phenotypic markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were not significantly altered by miR-140-3p mimic or inhibitor transfection. Bioinformatic analysis and miR-140-3p-induced gene suppression examination suggested that Smad3 might be the target gene of miR-140-3p. These findings illuminate the inhibitory effects of miR-140-3p on the proliferation and migration of macrophages and contribute to the cognition of the essential roles of miRNAs during peripheral nerve regeneration.