ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2022
Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Following Influenza Vaccination: A Claims-Based Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between vaccinations and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of age-related cognitive decline reveals a novel locus for the attention domain and implicates a COVID-19-related gene for global cognitive function.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Pooled it
- Modeling the Exposome in Murine Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Review
- Association Between Respiratory Vaccines and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Health Care-Related Determinants of First-Time Long-Term Care Need in Older Adults in Germany: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Claims Data.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes After Cervical Cold Knife Conization or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure.JAMA surgery · 2026Article
- [Smoking and nicotine use, heated tobacco products, psychological and socioeconomic aspects of dependence, alcohol, infections, vaccination and diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Global vaccine development.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Enteroviral epitope mimicry enables NK cell-mediated targeting of ASPH in hepatocellular carcinoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Melanoma cell inoculation improves cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Potential Non-Specific Benefits of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Association between shingles vaccination and slower biological aging: evidence from a US population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- From breath to brain: influenza vaccination as a pragmatic strategy for dementia prevention.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Review
- Exploring the role of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Redox modulation of the complement cascade contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Astrocyte priming enhances microglial Aβ clearance and is compromised by APOE4.Nature communications · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have found a reduced risk of dementia of any etiology following influenza vaccination in selected populations, including veterans and patients with serious chronic health conditions. However, the effect of influenza vaccination on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in a general cohort of older US adults has not been characterized.
objectiveTo compare the risk of incident AD between patients with and without prior influenza vaccination in a large US claims database.
methodsDeidentified claims data spanning September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2019 were used. Eligible patients were free of dementia during the 6-year look-back period and≥65 years old by the start of follow-up. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to create flu-vaccinated and flu-unvaccinated cohorts with similar baseline demographics, medication usage, and comorbidities. Relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) were estimated to assess the effect of influenza vaccination on AD risk during the 4-year follow-up.
resultsFrom the unmatched sample of eligible patients (n = 2,356,479), PSM produced a sample of 935,887 flu-vaccinated-unvaccinated matched pairs. The matched sample was 73.7 (SD, 8.7) years of age and 56.9% female, with median follow-up of 46 (IQR, 29-48) months; 5.1% (n = 47,889) of the flu-vaccinated patients and 8.5% (n = 79,630) of the flu-unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up. The RR was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.59-0.61) and ARR was 0.034 (95% CI, 0.033-0.035), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 29.4.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that influenza vaccination is associated with reduced AD risk in a nationwide sample of US adults aged 65 and older.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.