ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2022
Effects of Male and Female Sex on the Development of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Porcine Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Localisation-Dependent Variations in Articular Cartilage ECM: Implications for Tissue Engineering and Cartilage Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Early degenerative changes are different between partial and complete anterior cruciate ligament injury and associate with joint instability in a skeletally immature porcine model.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2025Article
- Detrimental Effects of Chlorhexidine on Articular Cartilage Viability, Matrix, and Mechanics.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how).Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a common sequela of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, even when surgical treatment is selected. The effect of patient sex on cartilage health after ACL injury and surgical treatment has been less studied. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The study objective was to compare the macroscopic cartilage damage that develops after ACL surgery in male and female Yucatan minipigs. It was hypothesized that after ACL surgery, the macroscopic cartilage damage of the tibiofemoral joints from female animals would be greater than that from male animals. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the effect of sex on the macroscopic cartilage damage would depend on surgical treatment. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsTwelve-month follow-up data were obtained for 55 adolescent Yucatan minipigs (22 female/33 male) that were randomized to 1 of 3 experimental groups: no treatment (ACL transection [ACLT]), ACL reconstruction, and bridge-enhanced ACL restoration. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International guidelines were used to determine a standardized macroscopic cartilage damage score on 5 surfaces of the knee joint.
resultsFemales had significantly worse mean total macroscopic cartilage damage scores on the surgical side (adjusted
conclusionMean total macroscopic cartilage damage scores of Yucatan minipigs were significantly worse in females than males, regardless of treatment. These differences were predominantly found in the trochlear scores across all treatment groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data suggest that patient sex could be more influential in the progression of PTOA than surgical treatment after ACL injury. Identifying factors responsible for this discrepancy may prove valuable to identify targets to slow PTOA progression in male and female ACL-injured populations.
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