Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35722556›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Distress, Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hazem A Sayed Ahmed, Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad, Sally Fawzy Elotla, Anwar I Joudeh, Mona Mostafa, Asghar Shah, Jaffer Shah, Samar F Mohamed

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. The role of glycemic control and symptoms and symptom clusters in breast cancer survivors with type 2 diabetes.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
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  18. Psychological distress, coping methods and self-care among people with diabetes mellitus in Ibadan.Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.

Hazem A Sayed AhmedDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Ahmed Mahmoud FouadDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Sally Fawzy ElotlaDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Anwar I JoudehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Mona MostafaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Asghar ShahDivision of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Jaffer ShahMedical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Samar F MohamedDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Suez Canal University · EGBrown University · USKabul Medical University · AFUniversity of Jordan · JO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing worldwide. T2DM is often complicated by a range of psychological disorders that interfere with glycemic control and self-care. Previous studies have reported diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety among patients with T2DM; however; little is known about the burden of these comorbid mental disorders in primary care patients with T2DM treated in Egypt during the COVID-19 era. Participants were selected by convenient sampling from eight rural primary healthcare facilities from Ismailia in Egypt. Symptoms of diabetes distress, depression and anxiety were assessed by using the Arabic version of the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID), Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scales, respectively. Multiple hierarchical logistic regression models were used to estimate the significant factors associated with diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety. A total of 403 individuals with T2DM were interviewed. The prevalence of severe diabetes distress was 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1-16.7), while prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 9.2% (95% CI: 6.4-12.0%), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1-5.9), respectively. In a series of hierarchical logistic regression models, significant predictors for diabetes distress were being married, illiterate, not-working, living with insufficient income, and having multi-comorbidities. Likewise, the significant predictors for depression and anxiety were elevated glycated hemoglobin level and the higher PAID total score, while having multi-comorbidities was a significant predictor for anxiety only. Diabetes distress was more prevalent than depressive and anxiety symptoms in this study population. Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified to be related with psychological problems among patients with T2DM, which necessitate a multidisciplinary team-based approach for optimal screening and management.

Indexed as

anxietyCOVID-19depressiondiabetes distressprimary healthcaretype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID35722556
PMCPMC9203894
OpenAlexW4281664237

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.