ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2022
A Tale of Three Recent Pandemics: Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine allocation policies using Bayesian m-top exploration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring variation in research priorities generated by AI tools.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Trends, Gaps, and Challenges in Antiviral Resistance: A Bibliometric Analysis and Narrative Synthesis of Key Viruses, Resistance Mechanisms, and Drivers.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution in Humans Enables Its Transmission to Nonhuman Primates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- PROTAC Technology as a New Tool for Modern Pharmacotherapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of Defective Interfering Particles in Complement-Mediated Lysis of Parainfluenza Virus-Infected Cells.Viruses · 2025Article
- Winning the Lottery: A Simulation Study Comparing Scarce Resource Allocation Protocols in Crisis Scenarios.Cureus · 2025Article
- The impact of quality-adjusted life years on evaluating COVID-19 mitigation strategies: lessons from age-specific vaccination roll-out and variants of concern in Belgium (2020-2022).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Serological screening in a large-scale municipal survey in Cascais, Portugal, during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons for future pandemic preparedness efforts.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Increased clonality amongMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- Investigation of the individual genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a small cluster during the rapid spread of the BF.5 lineage in Tokyo, Japan.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Potential arteriviral spillover: An emerging threat to public health?Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are one of the main threats to public health, with the potential to cause a pandemic when the infectious agent manages to spread globally. The first major pandemic to appear in the 20th century was the influenza pandemic of 1918, caused by the influenza A H1N1 strain that is characterized by a high fatality rate. Another major pandemic was caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that started early in the 20th century and remained undetected until 1981. The ongoing HIV pandemic demonstrated a high mortality and morbidity rate, with discrepant impacts in different regions around the globe. The most recent major pandemic event, is the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused over 5.7 million deaths since its emergence, 2 years ago. The aim of this work is to highlight the main determinants of the emergence, epidemic response and available countermeasures of these three pandemics, as we argue that such knowledge is paramount to prepare for the next pandemic. We analyse these pandemics' historical and epidemiological contexts and the determinants of their emergence. Furthermore, we compare pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions that have been used to slow down these three pandemics and zoom in on the technological advances that were made in the progress. Finally, we discuss the evolution of epidemiological modelling, that has become an essential tool to support public health policy making and discuss it in the context of these three pandemics. While these pandemics are caused by distinct viruses, that ignited in different time periods and in different regions of the globe, our work shows that many of the determinants of their emergence and countermeasures used to halt transmission were common. Therefore, it is important to further improve and optimize such approaches and adapt it to future threatening emerging infectious diseases.
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