SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Obesity as a Risk Factor for Complications and Mortality in Individuals with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic-associated fatty liver with COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and clinical outcomes of pleural effusion in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of immune function in individuals without and with obesity and normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes: primary findings of the NutrIMM study, a single-arm controlled feeding trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Cardiometabolic health of low- and higher-income adults in the United States, 2009-2023.American heart journal · 2026Article
- Persistent endothelial dysfunction is associated with exercise intolerance in adults despite preserved myocardial work 3 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Steatotic Liver Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Case Series and Literature Review.Hematology reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Assessment of Obesity Beyond Body Mass Index: Adiposity Evaluation, Body-Composition Phenotyping and Disease Staging: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of Excess Weight on the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization: A Case-Control Study in a Rural Area of Spain.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Changing Demographics of Home Mechanical Ventilation Setups Following Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure.Cureus · 2026Article
- Trends and Disparities in Obesity-Related Mortality Among U.S. Adults: A CDC WONDER Analysis (1968-2025).Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Zinc and Selenium-EnrichedFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Mortality risk during the COVID-19 pandemic is shaped by human development.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Impact of Prior COVID-19 Infection on Renal Outcomes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A 12-Month Prospective Study.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Nox1-Derived ROS Amplifies Calcium Entry and Enhances Pneumolysin-Induced Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetic, Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of COVID-19 Severity in the Republic of Srpska: Exploring Potential Links with Neanderthal-Derived Variants.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Obesity and Long COVID: intersecting epidemics?BMC public health · 2026Article
- Global Assessment of COVID-19 Mortality Displacement From 2020 to 2024.JAMA network open · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Obesity affects the course of critical illnesses. We aimed to estimate the association of obesity with the severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted from the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic through to 13 October 2021, on databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Science Web, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Registry. Preprint servers such as BioRxiv, MedRxiv, ChemRxiv, and SSRN were also scanned. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Full-length articles focusing on the association of obesity and outcome in COVID-19 patients were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used for study selection and data extraction. Our Population of interest were COVID-19 positive patients, obesity is our Intervention/Exposure point, Comparators are Non-obese vs obese patients The chief outcome of the study was the severity of the confirmed COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients in terms of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation with obesity. All-cause mortality in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients with obesity was the secondary outcome of the study. Results: In total, 3,140,413 patients from 167 studies were included in the study. Obesity was associated with an increased risk of severe disease (RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.41-1.63, p<0.001, I Conclusions: Our findings suggest that obesity is significantly associated with increased severity and higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the inclusion of obesity or its surrogate body mass index in prognostic scores and improvement of guidelines for patient care management is recommended.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.