ArticleNEJM evidence2022
Harm-to-Benefit of Three Decades of Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men.
Article in NEJM evidence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Evolving role of biomarkers beyond prostate‑specific antigen in refining prostate cancer screening: From blood‑based tests to urinary and genetic markers (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Early-Onset Prostate Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Biology, Clinical Features, Management, and Early Detection.MedComm · 2026Review
- Is it time for Canada to revisit its approach to prostate cancer screening?Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Variation in PSA Levels by Age, Adiposity, Race and Ethnicity, and Genetic Risk: Implications for Prostate Cancer Screening.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Concerns regarding prostate cancer screening guidelines in minority populations.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Article
- Epidemiologic study on prostate cancer in Sudanese men across African ethnic groups.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Access to Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing and Mortality Among Men With Prostate Cancer.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Race-specific coregulatory and transcriptomic profiles associated with DNA methylation and androgen receptor in prostate cancer.Genome medicine · 2024Review
- Prostate-specific antigen testing rates in high-risk populations: results from the All of Us Research Program.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Prostate cancer screening in African American men: a review of the evidence.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Review
- Synthetic living materials in cancer biology.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2023Article
- A Literature Review of Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Research.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality: a model-based decomposition of contributing factors.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2023Article
- American Indian/Alaska Native men are less likely to receive prostate-specific antigen testing and digital rectal exams from primary care providers than White men: a secondary analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2012-2018.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Strategies to enhance the approach to prostate cancer screening of South African black men in the Free State: a Delphi study.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Current Status and Future Direction to Address Disparities in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Prostate Cancer Care.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Preservation of Proteins in Human Plasma through Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulation.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitude and practice on screening and early diagnosis of prostate cancer of primary health care providers in the Free State.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2023Article
- Enhancing public awareness and practice of prostate cancer screening among African men: A scoping review.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProstate-specific antigen screening has profoundly affected the epidemiology of prostate cancer in the United States. Persistent racial disparities in outcomes for Black men warrant re-examination of the harms of screening relative to its cancer-specific mortality benefits in this population.
methodsWe estimated overdiagnoses and overtreatment of prostate cancer for men of all races and for Black men 50 to 84 years of age until 2016, the most recent year with treatment data available, using excess incidence relative to 1986 based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry and U.S. Census data as well as an established microsimulation model of prostate cancer natural history. Combining estimates with plausible mortality benefit, we calculated numbers needed to diagnose (NND) and treat (NNT) to prevent one prostate cancer death.
resultsFor men of all races, we estimated 1.5 to 1.9 million (range between estimation approaches) overdiagnosed and 0.9 to 1.5 million overtreated prostate cancers by 2016. Assuming that half of the 270,000 prostate cancer deaths avoided by 2016 were attributable to screening, the NND and the NNT would be 11 to 14 and 7 to 11 for men of all races and 8 to 12 and 5 to 9 for Black men, respectively. Alternative estimates incorporating a lag between incidence and mortality resulted in a NND and a NNT for Black men that reached well into the low single digits.
conclusionsComplementary approaches to quantifying overdiagnosis indicate a harm-benefit tradeoff of prostate-specific antigen screening that is more favorable for Black men than for men of all races considered together. Our findings highlight the need to account for the increased value of screening in Black men in clinical guidelines. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the National Cancer Institute, the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, and the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation.).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.