ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Case Report: Malignant Melanoma Associated With COVID-19: A Coincidence or a Clue?
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID vaccination and post-infection cancer signals: Evaluating patterns and potential biological mechanisms.Oncotarget · 2026Review
- Post-COVID-19 Exacerbation of a Stable Fibrous Dysplasia: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Covid-19, leukemia, and secondary malignancies of the skin - is there a connection: a case report and literature analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, there is upregulation of proinflammatory molecules S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other cytokines that promote hyperinflammation. The same immunoregulatory proteins that fuel the COVID-19 "cytokine storm" are also produced by melanoma cells and various other cancers to promote tumorigenesis. We report three cases of malignant melanoma (MM) associated with severe COVID-19, the first two with amelanotic melanoma and the third with hypopigmented melanoma. It is noteworthy that we did not search for these cases. Patient 1 is a personal acquaintance and cases 2 and 3 were hospitalized and worked at our rehabilitation center, respectively. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory tumorigenic proteins in the microenvironment that may have contributed to the
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