ReviewEnvironmental science & technology letters2022
Communicating Confidence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Identification via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
Review in Environmental science & technology letters, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- AFFF on fire: new insights into the thermal fate of the AFFF compound Capstone B.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Integrating Computational Chemistry and Ion Mobility Spectrometry into Non-Targeted Analysis Workflows for the Structural Elucidation of Emerging PFAS.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- Comprehensive characterisation of organic pollutants in high-polluted sediments and gull eggs using a broad-scope gas chromatography-Orbitrap methodology.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Uncovering PFAS and halogenated chemicals using nontargeted analysis and the PFAS IMplementer for mass spectrometry (PIMMS).Science advances · 2026Article
- Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome Are Associated with Postpartum Depression.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Known and Novel Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Serum of Tucson (AZ) Firefighters.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Understanding and Reporting PFAS Exposure: Wide-Scope Retrospective Suspect Screening of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data from Exposomics Studies.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Exceeds All Other Extractable Organofluorine in Drinking Water from Eastern Massachusetts, United States.Environmental science & technology letters · 2026Article
- Remediation of organic pollutants by Fenton-like reactions with spinel catalysts: pathways, transformation products, and reactor perspectives.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Molecular and physiological characterization of two sunflower near-isogenic lines with contrasting haplotypes for leaf senescence.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Environmental occurrence, exposure, toxicity, and transformation of benzothiazoles: A review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Relative Importance of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in AFFF-Impacted Soils.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Identification of Emerging Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Environments Under the Omics-Based Framework: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Implementing Annotation Confidence Scoring in Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Workflows for Small Molecule Analysis.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacteria covalently incorporate polyfluoroalkyl carboxylates into membrane lipids.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Machine learning assisted single-molecule sensing towards standard-free quantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Quantifying PFAS-Omics Burden Scores for Nontargeted Analysis Using Multidimensional Item Response Theory: An Exploratory Analysis of Novel and Legacy PFAS in Cord Blood.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Large declines in organofluorine contamination indicated by subarctic marine mammal tissues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Leachability and Chemical Profiles of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Electronic Waste Components: Targeted and Non-Targeted Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are important environmental contaminants, yet relatively few analytical reference standards exist for this class. Nontarget analyses performed by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are increasingly common for the discovery and identification of PFASs in environmental and biological samples. The certainty of PFAS identifications made via HRMS must be communicated through a reliable and harmonized approach. Here, we present a confidence scale along with identification criteria specific to suspect or nontarget analysis of PFASs by means of nontarget HRMS. Confidence levels range from level 1a-"Confirmed by Reference Standard," and level 1b-"Indistinguishable from Reference Standard," to level 5-"Exact Masses of Interest," which are identified by suspect screening or data filtering, two common forms of feature prioritization. This confidence scale is consistent with general criteria for communicating confidence in the identification of small organic molecules by HRMS (e.g., through a match to analytical reference standards, library MS/MS, and/or retention times) but incorporates the specific conventions and tools used in PFAS classification and analysis (e.g., detection of homologous series and specific ranges of mass defects). Our scale clarifies the level of certainty in PFAS identification and, in doing so, facilitates more efficient identification.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.