ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Population Immunity to Pre-Omicron and Omicron Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in US States and Counties Through 1 December 2021.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Analysis of the 2022 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineage Replacement Dynamics in Connecticut, US.Viruses · 2025Article
- Post-acute sequelae of hospitalised COVID-19 re-infection compared with hospitalised first-time infection: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- From Emergence to Evolution: Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Florida.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing the association between antibody status and symptoms of long COVID: A multisite study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of mask mandates on subways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United States.PloS one · 2024Article
- Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in México: Three Years since Wuhan, China's First Reported Case.Viruses · 2023Article
- Changes in Population Immunity Against Infection and Severe Disease From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variants in the United States Between December 2021 and November 2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Plausible explanation for the third COVID-19 wave in India and its implications.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron BA.2 variant in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Antibody Duration After Infection From SARS-CoV-2 in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Changes in population immunity against infection and severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in the United States between December 2021 and November 2022.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Performance of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Community Levels as Leading Indicators of COVID-19 Mortality.Annals of internal medicine · 2022Article
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundBoth severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination contribute to population-level immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This study estimated the immunological exposure and effective protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection in each US state and county over 2020-2021 and how this changed with the introduction of the Omicron variant.
methodsWe used a Bayesian model to synthesize estimates of daily SARS-CoV-2 infections, vaccination data and estimates of the relative rates of vaccination conditional on infection status to estimate the fraction of the population with (1) immunological exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (ever infected with SARS-CoV-2 and/or received ≥1 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine), (2) effective protection against infection, and (3) effective protection against severe disease, for each US state and county from 1 January 2020 to 1 December 2021.
resultsThe estimated percentage of the US population with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination as of 1 December 2021 was 88.2% (95% credible interval [CrI], 83.6%-93.5%). Accounting for waning and immune escape, effective protection against the Omicron variant on 1 December 2021 was 21.8% (95% CrI, 20.7%-23.4%) nationally and ranged between 14.4% (13.2%-15.8%; West Virginia) and 26.4% (25.3%-27.8%; Colorado). Effective protection against severe disease from Omicron was 61.2% (95% CrI, 59.1%-64.0%) nationally and ranged between 53.0% (47.3%-60.0%; Vermont) and 65.8% (64.9%-66.7%; Colorado).
conclusionsWhile more than four-fifths of the US population had prior immunological exposure to SARS-CoV-2 via vaccination or infection on 1 December 2021, only a fifth of the population was estimated to have effective protection against infection with the immune-evading Omicron variant.
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