ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2022
Preexisting comorbidities shape the immune response associated with severe COVID-19.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive longitudinal profiling identifies differential frequency, epitope specificity, and effector function of CD8EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based chest X-ray (AI-CXR) and hematology parameters to predict mortality and intubation events In COVID-19 patients at the second-referral hospital in Indonesia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Significant Production of Serum and Mucosal Anti-Spike-IgA Antibodies After Vaccine-Encoded or SARS-CoV-2-Infection-Induced Spike-Exposures in Patients with Asthma Treated with Monoclonal Antibodies Compared to Conventional Therapy.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Long COVID and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination-infection status and immunological profile from India: A case study for prioritizing at risk population for targeted immunization.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
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- Comprehensive review on COVID-19: etiology, pathogenicity, and treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection in pediatrics: A meta-analysis.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
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- Systems-wide view of host-pathogen interactions across COVID-19 severities using integrated omics analysis.iScience · 2024Article
- Prediction models of COVID-19 fatality in nine Peruvian provinces: A secondary analysis of the national epidemiological surveillance system.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 immune response in children and adolescents.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Habitual short sleepers with pre-existing medical conditions are at higher risk of Long COVID.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Using Regional Sero-Epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S Antibodies in the Dominican Republic to Inform Targeted Public Health Response.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Impact of comorbidities on outcomes in patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing immunotherapy.Head & neck · 2023Article
- Dermatological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Genetic Thrombophilic Patient with Mthfr Mutation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary referral hospital in South Sumatera, Indonesia: A retrospective single-center study.Belitung nursing journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundComorbidities are risk factors for development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the extent to which an underlying comorbidity influences the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains unknown.
objectiveOur aim was to investigate the complex interrelations of comorbidities, the immune response, and patient outcome in COVID-19.
methodsWe used high-throughput, high-dimensional, single-cell mapping of peripheral blood leukocytes and algorithm-guided analysis.
resultsWe discovered characteristic immune signatures associated not only with severe COVID-19 but also with the underlying medical condition. Different factors of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) affected distinct immune populations, thereby additively increasing the immunodysregulatory effect when present in a single patient. Patients with disorders affecting the lung or heart, together with factors of metabolic syndrome, were clustered together, whereas immune disorder and chronic kidney disease displayed a distinct immune profile in COVID-19. In particular, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease were characterized by the highest number of altered immune signatures of both lymphoid and myeloid immune branches. This overall major immune dysregulation could be the underlying mechanism for the estimated odds ratio of 16.3 for development of severe COVID-19 in this burdened cohort.
conclusionThe combinatorial systematic analysis of the immune signatures, comorbidities, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 has provided the mechanistic immunologic underpinnings of comorbidity-driven patient risk and uncovered comorbidity-driven immune signatures.
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