ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Change in distress about police brutality and substance use among young people, 2017-2020.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial factors associated with overdose subsequent to Illicit Drug use: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Harm reduction journal · 2024Pooled it
- Alcohol use in multiracial American youth compared with monoracial youth: A meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Intersectional Racial, Gender, and Socioeconomic Discrimination and Youth Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysis Among Black and White Adolescents.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Discrimination Distress and Current Combustible and Non-combustible Tobacco Product Use Among US Youth, 2023.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Vicarious Exposure to Police Discrimination and Brutality, Concern, and Changes in Cigarette Smoking.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Perceived racism-based police violence and substance use among black and hispanic emerging adults: Evidence from a national sample.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Cumulative Police Exposures, Police Violence Stress, and Depressive Symptoms: A Focus on Black LGBQ Youth in Baltimore City, Maryland.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Distress about social problems and tobacco and cannabis use outcomes among young adults in Los Angeles County.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Trends in youth opinions about police agencies in the United States, 2017-2021.Social sciences & humanities open · 2024Article
- Perceived racism and discrimination and youth substance use in the United States - Intersections with sex and ethnicity.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Racism, Class, and Criminal Justice on Women's Distress and Health: A Reinforcing Cycle of Social Disadvantage.American journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is unknown whether increasing attention to police brutality is a source of stress associated with substance use risk among young people.
methodsA longitudinal racially/ethnically diverse cohort from Los Angeles, California (n = 1797) completed baseline (2017; mean age: 17.9) and follow-up (2020; mean age: 21.2) surveys assessing level of concern, worry, and stress about police brutality (range: 0 'not at all' - 4 'extremely') and past 30-day nicotine, cannabis, alcohol, other drug, and number of substances used (0-19). Regression models, adjusted for demographic characteristics and baseline substance use, evaluated whether changes in distress about police brutality from 2017 to 2020 were associated with substance use in 2020 overall and stratified by race/ethnicity.
resultsDistress about police brutality increased between 2017 (mean: 1.59) and 2020 (mean: 2.43) overall. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino respondents consistently had the highest mean distress levels at both timepoints. In the full sample, each one-unit greater increase in distress about police brutality from 2017 to 2020 was associated with 11% higher odds of cannabis use, 13% higher odds of alcohol use, and 8% higher risk of using an additional substance for the number of substances used outcome. Race/ethnicity-stratified models indicated that greater increases in distress from 2017 to 2020 was associated with substance use among Black/African American, Hispanic, and multiracial respondents in 2020, but not Asian American/Pacific Islander and White respondents.
conclusionsDistress about police brutality may be associated with substance use, particularly among certain racial/ethnic minority young people. Further investigation of whether police brutality affects health in disparity populations is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.