ArticlePharmaceutical research2022
Dual Blockade of PD-1 and LAG3 Immune Checkpoints Increases Dendritic Cell Vaccine Mediated T Cell Responses in Breast Cancer Model.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing chitosan-based biomaterials for advanced cancer immunotherapy: from nanocarriers to tumor microenvironment modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Glucan-Based Nanoparticles Empower Precision Cancer Immunotherapy: Design Strategies, Immune Reprogramming Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Immune Regulation by Targeting Dendritic Cells using Small Interfering RNAs.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology Applications in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Review
- A novel anti-LAG-3/TIGIT bispecific antibody exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 antibody.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dendritic cells as orchestrators of anticancer immunity and immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Nano-immunotherapy: overcoming delivery challenge of immune checkpoint therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Immunotherapies against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- Impaired function of dendritic cells within the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Recent Trends and Opportunities for the Targeted Immuno-Nanomaterials for Cancer Theranostics Applications.Micromachines · 2022Review
- Nano-drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2023-12-26Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Error in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Manipulation of Images · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Data · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/68029531E95310BD695B7035914648
- Retracted
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIncreasing the efficiency of unsuccessful immunotherapy methods is one of the most important research fields. Therefore, the use of combination therapy is considered as one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. In this study, the inhibition of immune checkpoint receptors such as LAG3 and PD-1 on T cells was investigated to increase the efficiency of T cells in response to the DC vaccine.
methodsWe used trimethyl chitosan-dextran sulfate-lactate (TMC-DS-L) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with siRNA molecules to quench the PD-1 and LAG3 checkpoints' expression.
resultsAppropriate physicochemical characteristics of the generated NPs led to efficient inhibition of LAG3 and PD-1 on T cells, which was associated with increased survival and activity of T cells, ex vivo. Also, treating mice with established breast tumors (4T1) using NPs loaded with siRNA molecules in combination with DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival in mice. These ameliorative effects were associated with increased anti-tumor T cell responses and downregulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and spleen.
conclusionThese findings strongly suggest that TMC-DS-L NPs loaded with siRNA could act as a novel tool in inhibiting the expression of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. Also, combination therapy based on inhibition of PD-1 and LAG3 in combination with DC vaccine is an effective method in treating cancer that needs to be further studied.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.